机器学习2：初学者的 TensorFlow 2.0 教程

1.示例

直接参考官网的示例：

初学者的 TensorFlow 2.0 教程  |  TensorFlow Core

2.问题

此时，直接运行官网这个代码示例，会报如下错误:

问题出在下面这行代码：

(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = mnist.load_data()

我们进入mnist.load_data()里面看看，是这么一段代码：

@keras_export("keras.datasets.mnist.load_data")
def load_data(path="mnist.npz"):
    """Loads the MNIST dataset.

    This is a dataset of 60,000 28x28 grayscale images of the 10 digits,
    along with a test set of 10,000 images.
    More info can be found at the
    [MNIST homepage](http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/).

    Args:
      path: path where to cache the dataset locally
        (relative to `~/.keras/datasets`).

    Returns:
      Tuple of NumPy arrays: `(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test)`.

    **x_train**: uint8 NumPy array of grayscale image data with shapes
      `(60000, 28, 28)`, containing the training data. Pixel values range
      from 0 to 255.

    **y_train**: uint8 NumPy array of digit labels (integers in range 0-9)
      with shape `(60000,)` for the training data.

    **x_test**: uint8 NumPy array of grayscale image data with shapes
      (10000, 28, 28), containing the test data. Pixel values range
      from 0 to 255.

    **y_test**: uint8 NumPy array of digit labels (integers in range 0-9)
      with shape `(10000,)` for the test data.

    Example:

    ```python
    (x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = keras.datasets.mnist.load_data()
    assert x_train.shape == (60000, 28, 28)
    assert x_test.shape == (10000, 28, 28)
    assert y_train.shape == (60000,)
    assert y_test.shape == (10000,)
    ```

    License:
      Yann LeCun and Corinna Cortes hold the copyright of MNIST dataset,
      which is a derivative work from original NIST datasets.
      MNIST dataset is made available under the terms of the
      [Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license.](
      https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)
    """
    origin_folder = (
        "https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/tf-keras-datasets/"
    )
    path = get_file(
        path,
        origin=origin_folder + "mnist.npz",
        file_hash=(  # noqa: E501
            "731c5ac602752760c8e48fbffcf8c3b850d9dc2a2aedcf2cc48468fc17b673d1"
        ),
    )
    with np.load(path, allow_pickle=True) as f:
        x_train, y_train = f["x_train"], f["y_train"]
        x_test, y_test = f["x_test"], f["y_test"]

        return (x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test)

可以看到，MNSIT 数据集是从以下地址下载的：

https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/tf-keras-datasets/

3.解决办法

因为网址被墙了导致不能正常拉取数据集。解决办法就是手动去下载数据集

1.下载MNIST数据集

链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1BqP5dd-dPHpxbbrk5VLs7g

提取码: bhhf 

2.将下载好的代码放到本地目录中，比如:~/tensorflow-source/

3.修改 mnist.py 代码如下（mnist.load_data()里面的加载数据集的代码改为下面的）：

    # 修改为加载本地manist数据集
    """path = get_file(
        path,
        origin=origin_folder + "mnist.npz",
        file_hash=(  # noqa: E501
            "731c5ac602752760c8e48fbffcf8c3b850d9dc2a2aedcf2cc48468fc17b673d1"
        ),
    )
    """
    path = "/Users/oulongping/tensorflow_data/mnist/mnist.npz"

4.验证

重新运行代码，得出以下输出，说明成功了：