神经网络气温预测

#引用所需要的库
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import torch
import torch.optim as optim#优化器
#过滤警告
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings(“ignore”)
%matplotlib inline

features=pd.read_csv(‘temps.csv’)
features.head()

year 	month 	day 	week 	temp_2 	temp_1 	average 	actual 	friend

0 2016 1 1 Fri 45 45 45.6 45 29
1 2016 1 2 Sat 44 45 45.7 44 61
2 2016 1 3 Sun 45 44 45.8 41 56
3 2016 1 4 Mon 44 41 45.9 40 53
4 2016 1 5 Tues 41 40 46.0 44 41

#把列转为时间处理数据
import datetime
years=features[‘year’]
months=features[‘month’]
days=features[‘day’]
#datetime格式
dates=[str(int (year))+‘-’+str(int(month))+‘-’+str(int(day)) for year,month,day in zip(years,months,days)]
dates=[datetime.datetime.strptime(date,‘%Y-%m-%d’)for date in dates]

features.shape

(348, 9)

dates[:5]

[datetime.datetime(2016, 1, 1, 0, 0),
datetime.datetime(2016, 1, 2, 0, 0),
datetime.datetime(2016, 1, 3, 0, 0),
datetime.datetime(2016, 1, 4, 0, 0),
datetime.datetime(2016, 1, 5, 0, 0)]

#小展示，看看数据集长什么样

#独热编码
features=pd.get_dummies(features)
features.head(5)

year 	month 	day 	temp_2 	temp_1 	average 	actual 	friend 	week_Fri 	week_Mon 	week_Sat 	week_Sun 	week_Thurs 	week_Tues 	week_Wed

0 2016 1 1 45 45 45.6 45 29 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 2016 1 2 44 45 45.7 44 61 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
2 2016 1 3 45 44 45.8 41 56 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
3 2016 1 4 44 41 45.9 40 53 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
4 2016 1 5 41 40 46.0 44 41 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

features.shape

(348, 15)

#标签(Y)
labels=np.array(features[‘actual’])
#在特征集中剔除标签，剩下x
features=features.drop(‘actual’,axis=1)
#单独保存名字，以备后患
feature_list=list(features.columns)
#转成数组格式->后续还需要转换成tensor张量
features=np.array(features)

features.shape

(348, 14)

#因为数据有大有小，归一化(数值浮动范围小)
from sklearn import preprocessing
input_features=preprocessing.StandardScaler().fit_transform(features)

#构建网络模型(复杂版)
#转为tensor
x = torch.tensor(input_features, dtype = float)
y = torch.tensor(labels, dtype = float)
#权重参数初始化
weights = torch.randn((14,128),dtype=float,requires_grad=True)
biases = torch.randn(128,dtype=float,requires_grad=True)
weights2 = torch.randn((128,1),dtype=float,requires_grad=True)
biases2 = torch.randn(1,dtype=float,requires_grad=True)

learning_rate = 0.001
losses = []

for i in range(1000):
#计算隐藏层
hidden = x.mm(weights)+biases
#给激活函数
hidden = torch.relu(hidden)
#预测
predictions = hidden.mm(weights2)+biases2
#计算损失
loss = torch.mean((predictions - y) ** 2)
losses.append(loss.data.numpy())

if i % 100 == 0 :
    print('loss：',loss)
# 反向传播计算  
loss.backward()

#更新参数
weights.data.add_(- learning_rate * weights.grad.data)
biases.data.add_(- learning_rate * biases.grad.data)
weights2.data.add_(- learning_rate * weights2.grad.data)
biases2.data.add_(- learning_rate * biases2.grad.data)
#记得清空权重参数，因为每次迭代会累计
weights.grad.data.zero_()
biases.grad.data.zero_()
weights2.grad.data.zero_()
biases2.grad.data.zero_()

loss： tensor(8652.8872, dtype=torch.float64, grad_fn=)
loss： tensor(155.4351, dtype=torch.float64, grad_fn=)
loss： tensor(147.5643, dtype=torch.float64, grad_fn=)
loss： tensor(144.6621, dtype=torch.float64, grad_fn=)
loss： tensor(143.1741, dtype=torch.float64, grad_fn=)
loss： tensor(142.2740, dtype=torch.float64, grad_fn=)
loss： tensor(141.6748, dtype=torch.float64, grad_fn=)
loss： tensor(141.2530, dtype=torch.float64, grad_fn=)
loss： tensor(140.9336, dtype=torch.float64, grad_fn=)
loss： tensor(140.6799, dtype=torch.float64, grad_fn=)

简化实现

指定规模

input_size = input_features.shape[1]
hidden_size = 128
output_size = 1
batch_size = 16

搭建网络

my_nn = torch.nn.Sequential(
torch.nn.Linear(input_size,hidden_size),
torch.nn.Sigmoid(),
torch.nn.Linear(hidden_size,output_size),
)

定义损失函数

cost = torch.nn.MSELoss(reduction = ‘mean’)
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(my_nn.parameters(),lr = 0.001)

训练网络

losses = []
for i in range(1000):
batch_loss = []
# 小批量随机梯度下降进行训练
for start in range(0,len(input_features),batch_size):
end = start+batch_size if start + batch_size < len(input_features) else len(input_features)
xx = torch.tensor(input_features[start:end],dtype = torch.float,requires_grad = True)
yy = torch.tensor(labels[start:end],dtype = torch.float,requires_grad = True)
prediction = my_nn(xx)
loss = cost(prediction,yy)
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward(retain_graph=True)
optimizer.step()
batch_loss.append(loss.data.numpy())

# 打印损失
# 打印损失值
if i % 100 == 0:
    losses.append(np.mean(batch_loss))
    print(i,np.mean(batch_loss))

0 4015.5623
100 38.040577
200 35.64831
300 35.261333
400 35.099106
500 34.968235
600 34.84836
700 34.728233
800 34.605637
900 34.48074

#评估模型
x = torch.tensor(input_features,dtype = torch.float)
predict = my_nn(x).data.numpy()

转换日期格式

dates = [str(int(year))+‘-’+str(int(month))+‘-’+str(int(day)) for year,month,day in zip(years,months,days)]
dates = [datetime.datetime.strptime(date,‘%Y-%m-%d’) for date in dates]

创建一个表格来存日期和其对应的标签数值

true_data = pd.DataFrame(data = {‘date’:dates,‘actual’:labels})

同理，在创建一个来存日期和其对应的模型预测值

mouths = features[:,feature_list.index(‘month’)]
days = features[:,feature_list.index(‘day’)]
years = features[:,feature_list.index(‘year’)]

test_dates = [str(int(year))+‘-’+str(int(month))+‘-’+str(int(day)) for year,month,day in zip(years,months,days)]
test_dates = [datetime.datetime.strptime(date,‘%Y-%m-%d’) for date in test_dates]

predictions_data = pd.DataFrame(data = {‘date’:test_dates,‘prediction’:predict.reshape(-1)})

真实值

plt.plot(true_data[‘date’],true_data[‘actual’],‘b-’,label = ‘actual’)

预测值

plt.plot(predictions_data[‘date’],predictions_data[‘prediction’],‘ro’,label = ‘prediction’)
plt.xticks(rotation = ‘60’)
plt.legend()

图名

plt.xlabel(‘Date’);plt.ylabel(‘Maximum Temperature (F)’);plt.title(‘Actual and Predicted Values’)

plt.show()
ValueError: rotation must be ‘vertical’, ‘horizontal’ or a number, not 60