设计模式--享元模式

简介

享元（Flyweight）模式的定义：运用共享技术来有効地支持大量细粒度对象的复用。它通过共享已经存在的又橡来大幅度减少需要创建的对象数量、避免大量相似类的开销，从而提高系统资源的利用率。
享元模式的结构与实现
享元模式中存在以下两种状态：
内部状态，即不会随着环境的改变而改变的可共享部分；
外部状态，指随环境改变而改变的不可以共享的部分。享元模式的实现要领就是区分应用中的这两种状态，并将外部状态外部化。下面来分析其基本结构和实现方法。

享元模式结构图如下：

角色

享元模式的主要角色有如下。
抽象享元角色（Flyweight）:是所有的具体享元类的基类，为具体享元规范需要实现的公共接口，非享元的外部状态以参数的形式通过方法传入。
具体享元（Concrete Flyweight）角色：实现抽象享元角色中所规定的接口。
非享元（Unsharable Flyweight)角色：是不可以共享的外部状态，它以参数的形式注入具体享元的相关方法中。
享元工厂（Flyweight Factory）角色：负责创建和管理享元角色。当客户对象请求一个享元对象时，享元工厂检査系统中是否存在符合要求的享元对象，如果存在则提供给客户；如果不存在的话，则创建一个新的享元对象。

简单实现

1.创建抽象享元角色（Flyweight）

public interface Flyweight {
    public void operation(UnsharedConcreteFlyweight unsharedConcreteFlyweight);
}

2.创建具体享元（Concrete Flyweight）角色

public class ConcreteFlyweight implements Flyweight {

    private String key;

    public ConcreteFlyweight(String key) {
        this.key = key;
        System.out.println("具体享元"+key+"被创建！");
    }

    @Override
    public void operation(UnsharedConcreteFlyweight unsharedConcreteFlyweight) {

        System.out.println("具体享元"+key+"被调用！");
        System.out.println("非享元信息：" + unsharedConcreteFlyweight.getInfo());
    }
}

3.创建非享元（Unsharable Flyweight)角色

public class UnsharedConcreteFlyweight {
    private String info;

    public String getInfo() {
        return info;
    }

    public void setInfo(String info) {
        this.info = info;
    }

    public UnsharedConcreteFlyweight(String info) {
        this.info = info;
    }
}

4.创建享元工厂（Flyweight Factory）角色

public class FlyweightFactory {
    private HashMap<String, Flyweight> flyweights=new HashMap<String, Flyweight>();
    public Flyweight getFlyweight(String key)
    {
        Flyweight flyweight=(Flyweight)flyweights.get(key);
        if(flyweight!=null)
        {
            System.out.println("具体享元"+key+"已经存在，被成功获取！");
        }
        else
        {
            flyweight=new ConcreteFlyweight(key);
            flyweights.put(key, flyweight);
        }
        return flyweight;
    }
}

5.Client（Main验证）

public class FlyweightMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        FlyweightFactory flyweightFactory = new FlyweightFactory();
        Flyweight f1 = flyweightFactory.getFlyweight("1");
        Flyweight f2 = flyweightFactory.getFlyweight("1");
        Flyweight f3 = flyweightFactory.getFlyweight("2");
        Flyweight f4 = flyweightFactory.getFlyweight("3");
        Flyweight f5 = flyweightFactory.getFlyweight("2");
        Flyweight f6 = flyweightFactory.getFlyweight("3");
        f1.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("1 first"));
        f2.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("1 second"));
        f3.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("2 first"));
        f4.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("3 first"));
        f5.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("2 second"));
        f6.operation(new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight("3 second"));
    }
}