Matlab APP Designer基础案例

一、初识APP Designer

整个界面主要包括包括左侧的组件库、中间的APP界面即UIFigure和右侧的组件浏览器，从左侧选择组件拖入UIFigure，组件浏览器显示当前已添加的各组件，可根据需要在浏览器修改组件名称变量，修改后的名称会自动更新到代码中。左上角的画图提供了对各组件的排列、对齐等辅助排版功能，右下角的组件属性检查器可看到所选中的组件的属性，例如文本、位置、大小、可视性等，可按需修改。

二、添加组件

从左侧组件库选择组件添加到界面上，可在右下的组件检查器中修改组件显示的文本，在组件浏览器中修改组件在代码中的名称。例如下图中的按钮，在APP界面上显示文本“导入数据”，在代码视图中用app.Button表示该按钮。右键可添加该按钮的回调函数，例如ButtonPushedFcn回调，即点击该按钮后将会执行的代码。

三、添加startupFcn函数

如有需要在APP启动时运行的程序，例如初始化、验证等，可通过添加startupFcn函数，在该函数内编写需要执行的代码，如没有该需求则忽略。

四、画图小工具案例

以设计一个画图的小工具为例，假设想要实现的功能包括导入xlsx文件，查看文件数据，并可选择变量进行作图，在APP启动前还需要进行信息确认等。

根据功能添加所需的组件，并调整组件布局，添加回调函数。界面没怎么调整，有点辣眼睛，勿怪~

界面视图：

完整代码：

classdef app < matlab.apps.AppBase

    % Properties that correspond to app components
    properties (Access = public)
        UIFigure       matlab.ui.Figure
        ListBox        matlab.ui.control.ListBox
        ListBoxLabel   matlab.ui.control.Label
        Button_2       matlab.ui.control.Button
        UITable        matlab.ui.control.Table
        DropDown       matlab.ui.control.DropDown
        DropDownLabel  matlab.ui.control.Label
        Button         matlab.ui.control.Button
        UIAxes         matlab.ui.control.UIAxes
    end

    
    properties (Access = private)
        InputData % Description
    end
    

    % Callbacks that handle component events
    methods (Access = private)

        % Code that executes after component creation
        function startupFcn(app)
            selection = uiconfirm(app.UIFigure,' 帅否 ?','身份验证',...
                        'Options',{'帅','否'},'DefaultOption',1);
            switch selection
                case '帅'
                    app.ListBox.Multiselect='on'; % 设置组件ListBox可多选
                case '否'
                    delete(app)
                otherwise
                    delete(app)
            end
                
        end

        % Button pushed function: Button
        function ButtonPushed(app, event)
            % "导入数据"按钮
            [file,path]=uigetfile('*.xlsx'); % 选择.xlsx文件
            app.InputData=readtable(fullfile(path,file)); % 读取文件
            app.UITable.ColumnName=app.InputData.Properties.VariableNames; % 设置UITable组件列标题
            app.UITable.Data=app.InputData.Variables;                      % 赋值UITable数据
            app.DropDown.Items=app.InputData.Properties.VariableNames;     % 设置DropDown组件下拉选项
            app.ListBox.Items=app.InputData.Properties.VariableNames;      % 设置ListBox组件可选项
        end

        % Button pushed function: Button_2
        function Button_2Pushed(app, event)
            % "画图"按钮
            x=table2array(app.InputData(:,app.DropDown.Value));
            y=table2array(app.InputData(:,app.ListBox.Value));
            plot(app.UIAxes,x,y)
            legend(app.UIAxes,app.ListBox.Value)
            grid(app.UIAxes,'on') 
        end
    end

    % Component initialization
    methods (Access = private)

        % Create UIFigure and components
        function createComponents(app)

            % Create UIFigure and hide until all components are created
            app.UIFigure = uifigure('Visible', 'off');
            app.UIFigure.Position = [100 100 640 480];
            app.UIFigure.Name = 'MATLAB App';

            % Create UIAxes
            app.UIAxes = uiaxes(app.UIFigure);
            title(app.UIAxes, 'Title')
            xlabel(app.UIAxes, 'X')
            ylabel(app.UIAxes, 'Y')
            zlabel(app.UIAxes, 'Z')
            app.UIAxes.Position = [332 54 300 244];

            % Create Button
            app.Button = uibutton(app.UIFigure, 'push');
            app.Button.ButtonPushedFcn = createCallbackFcn(app, @ButtonPushed, true);
            app.Button.Position = [49 394 100 39];
            app.Button.Text = '导入数据';

            % Create DropDownLabel
            app.DropDownLabel = uilabel(app.UIFigure);
            app.DropDownLabel.HorizontalAlignment = 'right';
            app.DropDownLabel.Position = [391 432 66 22];
            app.DropDownLabel.Text = 'Drop Down';

            % Create DropDown
            app.DropDown = uidropdown(app.UIFigure);
            app.DropDown.Position = [472 432 100 22];

            % Create UITable
            app.UITable = uitable(app.UIFigure);
            app.UITable.ColumnName = {'Column 1'; 'Column 2'; 'Column 3'; 'Column 4'};
            app.UITable.RowName = {};
            app.UITable.Position = [21 76 302 185];

            % Create Button_2
            app.Button_2 = uibutton(app.UIFigure, 'push');
            app.Button_2.ButtonPushedFcn = createCallbackFcn(app, @Button_2Pushed, true);
            app.Button_2.Position = [49 334 100 36];
            app.Button_2.Text = '画图';

            % Create ListBoxLabel
            app.ListBoxLabel = uilabel(app.UIFigure);
            app.ListBoxLabel.HorizontalAlignment = 'right';
            app.ListBoxLabel.Position = [400 371 48 22];
            app.ListBoxLabel.Text = 'List Box';

            % Create ListBox
            app.ListBox = uilistbox(app.UIFigure);
            app.ListBox.Position = [463 321 100 74];

            % Show the figure after all components are created
            app.UIFigure.Visible = 'on';
        end
    end

    % App creation and deletion
    methods (Access = public)

        % Construct app
        function app = app

            % Create UIFigure and components
            createComponents(app)

            % Register the app with App Designer
            registerApp(app, app.UIFigure)

            % Execute the startup function
            runStartupFcn(app, @startupFcn)

            if nargout == 0
                clear app
            end
        end

        % Code that executes before app deletion
        function delete(app)

            % Delete UIFigure when app is deleted
            delete(app.UIFigure)
        end
    end
end

运行效果：