在透明窗口中标记图例并保存组合图像

目标是创建一个透明窗口，可以在其中标记任意屏幕上的内容（包括动态内容）。最终目的是将图形叠加在线上科学出版物中，单击并收集曲线上的点，并最终使用生成器函数对收集到的点进行曲线拟合。这包括画出线条、坐标轴、刻度线和其他内容。

2、解决方案

透明窗口

class Transparency(object):
    def __init__(self, widget, index):
        self.xy = widget.get_size()
        self.cr = widget.window.cairo_create()
        self.index = index

    def __enter__(self):
        self.cr.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_CLEAR)
        self.surface = cairo.ImageSurface(cairo.FORMAT_ARGB32, *self.xy)
        self.cr.rectangle(0.0, 0.0, *self.xy)
        self.cr.fill()
        return self.cr, self.surface

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        filename = '%08d.png' % (self.index)
        with open(filename, 'w+') as png:
            self.surface.write_to_png(png)
            print(filename)
        self.cr.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_OVER)

标记和图形

class Expose(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.index = 0

    def __call__(self, widget, event):
        with Transparency(widget, self.index) as (cr, surface):
            self.point(cr, surface)
            self.aperture(cr, surface)
            self.positions(cr, surface)
            self.crosshair(cr, surface)
        self.index += 1

    def point(self, cr, surface):
        cr.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_OVER)
        r, g, b, a = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
        cr.set_source_rgba(r, g, b, a)
        cr.rectangle(self.x1, self.y1, 1, 1)
        cr.fill()

    def aperture(self, cr, surface):
        cr.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_OVER)
        cr.set_source_rgba(0.5, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5)  # dim red transparent
        cr.arc(self.x0, self.y0, self.x0, 0, pi * 2)
        cr.fill()

    def positions(self, cr, surface):
        cr.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_OVER)
        for x, y in self.points:
            cr.rectangle(x, y, 1, 1)
            cr.fill()

    def crosshair(self, cr, surface):
        for dx, dy in [(-2, -2), (-1, -1), (1, 1), (2, 2), (-2, 2), (-1, 1), (1, -1), (2, -2)]:
            x, y = self.x1 + dx, self.y1 + dy
            if 0 <= x < self.xy[0] and 0 <= y < self.xy[1]:
                cr.set_operator(cairo.OPERATOR_OVER)
                cr.set_source_rgba(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0)
                cr.rectangle(x, y, 1, 1)
                cr.fill()

保存组合图像

def save_image(widget, event):
    with Transparency(widget, self.index) as (cr, surface):
        # Draw the overlay
        self.point(cr, surface)
        self.aperture(cr, surface)
        self.positions(cr, surface)
        self.crosshair(cr, surface)

    # Get the underlying window contents
    window_surface = widget.get_window().get_surface()

    # Create a new surface with the combined contents
    combined_surface = cairo.ImageSurface(cairo.FORMAT_ARGB32, *self.xy)
    combined_cr = cairo.Context(combined_surface)

    # Draw the underlying window contents onto the combined surface
    combined_cr.set_source_surface(window_surface, 0, 0)
    combined_cr.paint()

    # Draw the overlay onto the combined surface
    combined_cr.set_source_surface(surface, 0, 0)
    combined_cr.paint()

    # Save the combined image to a PNG file
    filename = 'combined.png'
    with open(filename, 'wb') as png:
        combined_surface.write_to_png(png)

    print(f'Saved combined image to {filename}')