#include <iostream>
int main(void)
{
using namespace std;
int i;
for(i = 0; i < 5; i++)
cout << "C++ knows loop" << endl;
cout << "C++ knows when to stop." << endl;
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
int main(void)
{
using namespace std;
cout << "Enter the starting countdown value: ";
int limit;
cin >> limit;
int i;
for(i = limit; i; i--)
cout << "i = " << i << endl;
cout << "Done, now that i = " << i << endl;
return 0;
}
表达式的值为等号左侧的值
#include <iostream>
int main(void)
{
using namespace std;
int x;
cout << "The expression x = 100 has the value ";
cout << (x = 100) << endl;
cout << "Now x = " << x << endl;
cout << "The expression x < 3 has the value ";
cout << (x < 3) << endl;
cout << "The expression x > 3 has the value ";
cout << (x > 3) << endl;
cout.setf(ios_base::boolalpha);
cout << "The expression x < 3 has the value ";
cout << (x < 3) << endl;
cout << "The expression x > 3 has the value ";
cout << (x > 3) << endl;
return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
int main(void)
{
using namespace std;
int i = 100;
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
cout << "C++ knows loop" << endl;
cout << "i = " << i << endl;
cout << "C++ knows when to stop." << endl;
return 0;
}
计算阶乘
#include <iostream>
const int ArSize = 16;
int main(void)
{
long long factorials[ArSize];
factorials[0] = factorials[1] = 1;
for(int i = 2; i < ArSize; i++)
factorials[i] = i * factorials[i-1];
for(int i = 0; i < ArSize; i++)
std::cout << i << "! = " << factorials[i] << std::endl;
return 0;
}
修改步长 声明命名空间的另一种方式
#include <iostream>
int main(void)
{
using std::cout;
using std::cin;
using std::endl;
cout << "Enter an integer: ";
int by;
cin >> by;
cout << "Counting by " << by << endl;
for(int i = 0; i < 100; i = i + by)
cout << i << endl;
}
使用for循环访问字符串
#include <iostream>
int main(void)
{
using namespace std;
cout << "Enter a word:";
string word;
cin >> word;
for(int i = word.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
cout << word[i];
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
++i与i++
#include <iostream>
int main(void)
{
using namespace std;
int a = 20;
int b = 20;
cout << "a = " << a << ", " << "b = " << b << endl;
cout << "a++ = " << a++ << ", " << "++b = " << ++b << endl;
cout << "a = " << a << ", " << "b = " << b << endl;
return 0;
}
使用运算符重载时前置和后置的区别
指针与递增递减运算符
//1)*++pt 2)++*pt 3)(*pt)++ 4)*pt++
#include <iostream>
int main(void)
{
using namespace std;
double arr[5] = {21.1, 32.8, 23.4, 45.2, 37.4};
double *pt = arr;
// cout << *pt << endl;
cout << "*++pt = " << *++pt << endl; //运算符同级且都在左侧 从右至左执行 指针先跨过一个元素再取值 32.8
cout << "++*pt = " << ++*pt << endl;//从右向左执行 先取值再前置自增33.8
cout << "(*pt)++ = " << (*pt)++ << endl;//括号优先级最高先取出 33.8 再修改为34.8
cout << "*pt = " << *pt << endl;//34.8
cout << "*pt++ = " << *pt++ << endl;//优先级相同 后缀优先级高 但是后缀++是先用后增 所以*先执行 但是是后++ 所以先用再自增 34.8 在将pt 后指一位
//因为后缀++优先级高于*所以是++在pt上而不是(*pt)上,这里并不是看起来优先级小了,是因为后置运算符的先用后加性质,如果是优先级小的话,应该是先取值,对取的值+1,但是不是的,输出来的是指针所指地址+1
cout << "*pt = " << *pt << endl; //23.8
return 0;
}
复合语句
#include <iostream>
int main(void)
{
using namespace std;
double number, sum = 0.0;
cout << "Calculate five numbers sum and average." << endl;
cout << "Please enter five values:" << endl;
for(int i = 1; i <= 5; i++)
{
cout << "Value " << i << ": " ;
cin >> number;
sum += number;
}
cout << "The sum = " << sum << endl;
cout << "Average = " << sum / 5 << endl;
return 0;
}
语句块与变量作用范围
如果在语句块中定义一个新的变量,则仅当程序执行该语句块中的语句时,该变量才存在,执行完该语句块后,变量将被释放。
逗号运算符允许将两个表达式放到C++句法中只允许放一个表达式的地方。
逗号有时候是分隔符。
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main(void)
{
using namespace std;
cout << "Please enter a word:";
string word;
cin >> word;
int i, j;
char temp;
for(j = 0, i = word.size()-1; j < i; j++, i--)
{
temp = word[i];
word[i] = word[j];
word[j] = temp;
}
cout << word << endl;
return 0;
}
逗号表达式从左至右执行,其值是第二部分的值。
关系表达式
#include <iostream>
int main(void)
{
using namespace std;
int arr[10] = {20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 19, 20, 18, 20, 20};
cout << "Doing it right:" << endl;
int i;
for(i = 0; arr[i] == 20; i++)
cout << "arr " << i << " is a 20." << endl;
cout << "Doing it dangerously wrong: " << endl;
for(i = 0; arr[i] = 20; i++)
cout << "arr " << i << " is a 20." << endl;//使用数组时编译器不会去检查访问是否越界
return 0;
}
C风格字符串的比较
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
int main(void)
{
using namespace std;
char word[5] = "?ate";
for(char ch = 'a'; strcmp(word, "mate"); ch++)
{
cout << word << endl;
word[0] = ch;
}
cout << "After loop ends, word is " << word << endl;
return 0;
}
string类字符串的比较——运算符重载
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main(void)
{
using namespace std;
string word = "?ate";
for(char ch = 'a'; word != "mate"; ch++)
{
cout << word << endl;
word[0] = ch;
}
cout << "After loop ends, word is " << word << endl;
return 0;
}
while循环——当根据循环条件而不是循环次数来确定是否执行时,while更合适
#include <iostream>
const int ArSize = 20;
int main(void)
{
using namespace std;
char name[ArSize];
cout << "Your first namem please: ";
cin >> name;
cout << "Here is your name: " << endl;
int i = 0;
while(name[i] != '\0') //while(name[i])
{
cout << name[i] << ": " << (int)name[i] << endl;
i++;
}
return 0;
}
while编写延时函数
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
int main(void)
{
using namespace std;
cout << "Enter the delay time, in seconds:";
float secs;
cin >> secs;
clock_t delay = secs * CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
clock_t start = clock();
while(clock() - start < delay)
;
cout << "done!\n";
return 0;
}
do while循环——while后面有分号
#include <iostream>
int main(void)
{
using namespace std;
int n;
cout << "Enter numbers in the range 1~10 to find my favorite number" << endl;
/*
cin >> n;
while(n != 7)
{
cin >> n;
}
*/
do
{
cin >> n;
}while(n != 7);
cout << "Yes, 7 is my favorite." << endl;
return 0;
}
嵌套循环与二维数组
#include <iostream>
const int Cities = 5;
const int Years = 4;
int main(void)
{
using namespace std;
const char * cities[Cities] = //字符串数组 字符指针数组
{
"Gribble City",
"Gribbletown",
"New Gribble",
"San Gribble",
"Gribble Vista"
};
int maxtemps[Years][Cities] =
{
{96, 100, 87, 101, 105},
{96, 98, 91, 107, 104},
{97, 101, 93, 108, 107},
{98, 103, 95, 109, 108}
};
cout << "City: Maximum temperature for 2008 - 2011" << endl;
for(int city = 0; city < Cities; city++)
{
cout << cities[city] << ":\t";
for(int year = 0; year < Years; year++)
cout << maxtemps[year][city] << "\t";
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}