2018_MCM_E题翻译_气候变化如何影响地区不稳定

气候变化的影响,包括日益增多的干旱、冰川的萎缩、变化的动植物种类和海平面的上升,已经在各个地区实现并有所变化。政府间气候变化专门委员会认为,气候变化造成的净损失成本很可能是显著的。其中许多影响将改变人类的生活方式,并有可能导致社会和政府结构的弱化和崩溃。因此,不稳定的政府可能导致脆弱的国家。一个脆弱的国家是政府无法或不愿为人民提供基本生活必需品的国家。因为这个问题,国家指的是主权国家或国家。作为一个脆弱的国家,国家人口的脆弱性会增加,因为自然灾害、耕地减少、天气变化无常、气温升高等因素对气候冲击的影响。发展中国家普遍存在的非可持续的环境行为、移民和资源短缺,可能会使治理薄弱的国家进一步恶化(施瓦茨和兰德尔,2003;2013年,伊森,格迪奇,布豪格。)可以说,叙利亚和也门的干旱进一步加剧了本已脆弱的国家。环境压力本身并不一定会引发暴力冲突,但有证据表明,当它与薄弱的治理和社会分裂相结合时,就会引发暴力冲突。这种融合可以增强暴力的恶性循环,典型的是潜在的种族和政治分歧(克拉科夫、海默尔和加加诺2012)。

你的任务如下:

任务1:建立一个模型来确定一个国家的脆弱性,同时衡量气候变化的影响。您的模型应该识别一个状态是脆弱的、脆弱的还是稳定的。它还应确定气候变化是如何通过直接手段或间接影响其他因素和指标来增加脆弱性的。

任务2:选择一个确定的十大最脆弱国家脆弱状态指数(http://fundforpeace.org/fsi/data/)和确定气候变化可能会增加国家的脆弱性用你的模型来表明,没有这些影响,国家可能会变得不那么脆弱。

任务3:使用你的模型在另一种状态下,而不是在前十的名单中去衡量它的脆弱性,看看气候变化将会使它变得更加脆弱。识别出任何明确的指标。你如何定义一个转折点,并预测一个国家何时能达到这个临界点?

任务4:使用你的模型来显示哪些国家的干预措施可以减轻气候变化的风险,并防止一个国家成为一个脆弱的国家。解释人为干预的效果,并预测干预的总成本。
任务5:你的模型是否适用于较小的州(比如城市)或更大的州(比如大陆)?如果没有,您将如何修改您的模型?
你的提交应该包括:一页的摘要,你的解决方案不超过20页,最多有21页的总结。
注意:参考列表和任何附件都不计入21页的限制,应该在完成的解决方案之后出现。


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Bad climate change may greatly increase the fragility of the country. How to evaluate the impact of climate change and mitigate the impact of climate change has become an urgent problem. With regard to task one, a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model is established to get the country's fragility. First of all, we selected 4 climate factors as input indicators and 5 output indicators. Then, we use the entropy method to determine the weight and then the national vulnerability is divided. At the same time, we get the conclusion that temperature affects GDP and the times of armed conflict directly and affects the fragility indirectly. In view of task two, we choose Somalia as an object of study. First, all the indexes are divided into 5 levels by the method of cluster analysis. Second, we select 10 countries including Somalia, to solve the decision unit matrix. Then, using the model of the problem one, it is found that the increase in temperature and rainfall will cause the national vulnerability to rise and decrease, respectively. Finally, we assign 4 climate indicators to 0 of the decision units, and draw the conclusion that national vulnerability will be reduced without the impact of climate factors. When it comes to task three, we use the rough set theory to reduce the output index to the number of armed conflicts. Then, we use the BP neural network model to predict the conclusion: There is a significant increase in fragility in cases of much more armed conflict and abnormal temperature. When the average annual armed conflict is certain, the national vulnerability index will face an increasing turning point at the temperature of 10.01 and the rainfall of 1823mm. As to task four, three policies on energy reduction and emission reduction issued by the government have been selected, and a model of carbon cycle is established. Taking China as an example, we calculate the extent of the change of the average temperature by reducing the carbon dioxide emissions from the state, and calculate the change of the national vulnerability through the change of temperature. We conclude that when the temperature drops 1.9 degrees, the national vulnerability decreases by 0.1593 and the cost is 20.3 billion $. Last but not least, due to the relative accuracy of the DEA model, the urban fragile performance is accurately predicted while the continent is not. In this paper, the TOPSIS model of distance entropy of three parameter interval number is used to modify the decision matrix of the DEA model. By increasing the upper and lower bounds of the interval, the value of the decision unit is more accurate, and then the weight of the index is modified based on the schedule. When we use the North American continent for test, the error was about 2.9%。 主要解决国家脆弱性的问,欢迎下载。
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