实验准备
实验需要两台虚拟机(一台做NFS服务器,另一台做NFS客户端)
可互相ping通
关闭防火墙和SELinux
配置本地yum源
两台都需要安装nfs-utils软件包
NFS服务器:
[root@master centos]# yum install -y nfs-utils
[root@master centos]# mkdir /nfsfile
[root@master centos]# chmod -R 777 /nfsfile/
[root@master centos]# echo "nfs test share file" > /nfsfile/readme
NFS服务程序的配置文件为/etc/exports,默认情况下里面没有任何内容。我们可以按照“共享目录的路径 允许访问的NFS客户端(共享权限参数)”的格式,定义要共享的目录与相应的权限
[root@master centos]# vim /etc/exports
/nfsfile *(rw,sync,root_squash)
[root@master centos]# systemctl restart rpcbind
[root@master centos]# systemctl enable rpcbind
[root@master centos]# systemctl start nfs-server
[root@master centos]# systemctl enable nfs-server
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nfs-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service.
NFS客户端:
[root@node1 ~]# mkdir /nfsfile
[root@node1 ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils
[root@node1 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.41.191
Export list for 192.168.41.191:
/nfsfile *
[root@node1 ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.41.191:/nfsfile /nfsfile
[root@node1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 18G 1.1G 17G 6% /
devtmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 913M 8.6M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 125M 373M 25% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 4.1G 4.1G 0 100% /opt/centos
//192.168.41.191/user1 18G 1.1G 17G 6% /mnt
192.168.41.191:/nfsfile 18G 1.1G 17G 6% /nfsfile
[root@node1 ~]# cat /nfsfile/readme
nfs test share file
加入开机自启
[root@node1 ~]# echo "192.168.41.191:/nfsfile /nfsfile nfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
查看一下
[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Fri Mar 11 20:53:11 2022
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=74ec1445-cfed-4151-b50d-dc8bbfe84b28 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
192.168.41.191:/nfsfile /nfsfile nfs defaults 0 0
第二种挂载方式:
AutoFs自动挂载服务
[root@node1 ~]# yum install -y autofs
此处省略详细说明安装步骤,可参考AutoFs自动挂载服务安装及配置
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl start autofs
[root@node1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 18G 1.1G 17G 6% /
devtmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 913M 8.6M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 125M 373M 25% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 4.1G 4.1G 0 100% /opt/centos
//192.168.41.191/user1 18G 1.1G 17G 6% /mnt
192.168.41.191:/nfsfile 18G 1.1G 17G 6% /nfsfile
[root@node1 ~]# umount /nfsfile
[root@node1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 18G 1.1G 17G 6% /
devtmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 913M 8.6M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 125M 373M 25% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 4.1G 4.1G 0 100% /opt/centos
//192.168.41.191/user1 18G 1.1G 17G 6% /mnt
在autofs服务程序的主配置文件中会有一个“/misc /etc/auto.misc”参数,这个auto.misc相当于自动挂载的参考文件,它默认就已经存在,所以这里不需要进行任何操作: 就查看一下
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/auto.master
.....省略以上部分内容.....
/misc /etc/auto.misc
.....省略以下部分内容.....
接下来找到这个对应的auto.misc文件,填写本地挂载的路径和NFS服务器的挂载信息:
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/auto.misc
nfsfile 192.168.41.191:/nfsfile
重启autofs服务程序
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl restart autofs
先用dh -h命令查看,确定目前nfs共享目录是没有挂载上的;当用户进入到/misc/nfsfile目录时,便会自动挂载共享信息:
[root@node1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 18G 1.1G 17G 6% /
devtmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 913M 8.6M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 125M 373M 25% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 4.1G 4.1G 0 100% /opt/centos
//192.168.41.191/user1 18G 1.1G 17G 6% /mnt
[root@node1 ~]# cd /misc/nfsfile
[root@node1 nfsfile]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 18G 1.1G 17G 6% /
devtmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 913M 8.6M 904M 1% /run
tmpfs 913M 0 913M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 125M 373M 25% /boot
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 4.1G 4.1G 0 100% /opt/centos
//192.168.41.191/user1 18G 1.1G 17G 6% /mnt
192.168.41.191:/nfsfile 18G 1.1G 17G 6% /misc/nfsfile
[root@node1 nfsfile]#