pip的安装和使用

pip的安装和使用

1、 pip 是一个现代的，通用的 Python 包管理工具。提供了对 Python 包的查找、下载、安装、卸载的功能。便于我们对Python的资源包进行管理。
2、注：pip 已内置于 Python 3.4 和 2.7 及以上版本，其他版本需另行安装。
3、在安装Python时，会自动安装并下载pip
4、中Windows命令行里，输入 pip -v 可以查看pip的版本

1、 安装

测试pip是否安装

C:\Users\Administrator>python
Python 3.12.5 (tags/v3.12.5:ff3bc82, Aug  6 2024, 20:45:27) [MSC v.1940 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> ^Z


C:\Users\Administrator>pip -v

Usage:
  pip <command> [options]

如果没有在安装中 勾选 Add Python 3.12.5 to PATH ，就手动配置pip的环境变量

我的电脑 – 右击 – 属性 – 高级系统设置 – 环境变量(N) – Path – 编辑 – 新建(N)

pip的路径

2、使用

2.1 路径

C:\Users\Administrator>e:

E:\>cd \soft\py\Scripts

E:\soft\py\Scripts>dir
 驱动器 E 中的卷没有标签。
 卷的序列号是 4074-73D8

 E:\soft\py\Scripts 的目录

2024/09/23 周一  16:52    <DIR>          .
2024/09/23 周一  16:52    <DIR>          ..
2024/09/23 周一  16:52           108,380 pip.exe
2024/09/23 周一  16:52           108,380 pip3.12.exe
2024/09/23 周一  16:52           108,380 pip3.exe
               3 个文件        325,140 字节
               2 个目录 157,761,290,240 可用字节

2.2 管理python包

• pip install <包名> 安装指定的包
• pip uninstall <包名> 删除指定的包
• pip list 显示已经安装的包
• pip freeze 显示已经安装的 包，并且以指定的格式显示

E:\soft\py\Scripts>pip install ipython

...

E:\soft\py\Scripts>pip freeze
asttokens==2.4.1
colorama==0.4.6
decorator==5.1.1
executing==2.1.0
ipython==8.27.0
jedi==0.19.1
matplotlib-inline==0.1.7
parso==0.8.4
prompt_toolkit==3.0.47
pure_eval==0.2.3
Pygments==2.18.0
six==1.16.0
stack-data==0.6.3
traitlets==5.14.3
wcwidth==0.2.13

E:\soft\py\Scripts>pip list
Package           Version
----------------- -------
asttokens         2.4.1
colorama          0.4.6
decorator         5.1.1
executing         2.1.0
ipython           8.27.0
jedi              0.19.1
matplotlib-inline 0.1.7
parso             0.8.4
pip               24.2
prompt_toolkit    3.0.47
pure_eval         0.2.3
Pygments          2.18.0
six               1.16.0
stack-data        0.6.3
traitlets         5.14.3
wcwidth           0.2.13

2.3 pip下载第三方包和其依赖包

2.3.1 下载requests包，且保存在demo文件夹里面

E:\soft\py\Scripts>pip download -d demo requests
Collecting requests
  Downloading requests-2.32.3-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (4.6 kB)
Collecting charset-normalizer<4,>=2 (from requests)
  Downloading charset_normalizer-3.3.2-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl.metadata (34 kB)
Collecting idna<4,>=2.5 (from requests)
  Downloading idna-3.10-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (10 kB)
Collecting urllib3<3,>=1.21.1 (from requests)
  Downloading urllib3-2.2.3-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (6.5 kB)
Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17 (from requests)
  Downloading certifi-2024.8.30-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (2.2 kB)
Downloading requests-2.32.3-py3-none-any.whl (64 kB)
Downloading certifi-2024.8.30-py3-none-any.whl (167 kB)
Downloading charset_normalizer-3.3.2-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl (100 kB)
Downloading idna-3.10-py3-none-any.whl (70 kB)
Downloading urllib3-2.2.3-py3-none-any.whl (126 kB)
Saved e:\soft\py\scripts\demo\requests-2.32.3-py3-none-any.whl
Saved e:\soft\py\scripts\demo\certifi-2024.8.30-py3-none-any.whl
Saved e:\soft\py\scripts\demo\charset_normalizer-3.3.2-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl
Saved e:\soft\py\scripts\demo\idna-3.10-py3-none-any.whl
Saved e:\soft\py\scripts\demo\urllib3-2.2.3-py3-none-any.whl
Successfully downloaded requests certifi charset-normalizer idna urllib3

下载后

2.3.2 创建一个requirements.txt

2.3.3 requirement.txt内容

urllib3-2.2.3-py3-none-any.whl
idna-3.10-py3-none-any.whl 
charset_normalizer-3.3.2-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl
certifi-2024.8.30-py3-none-any.whl
requests-2.32.3-py3-none-any.whl

# 进入demo文件夹目录路径
E:\soft\py\Scripts>cd demo

# 离线安装刚才下载的安装包
E:\soft\py\Scripts\demo>pip install -r requirements.txt
Processing e:\soft\py\scripts\demo\urllib3-2.2.3-py3-none-any.whl (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
Processing e:\soft\py\scripts\demo\idna-3.10-py3-none-any.whl (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))
Processing e:\soft\py\scripts\demo\charset_normalizer-3.3.2-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl (from -r requirements.txt (line 3))
Processing e:\soft\py\scripts\demo\certifi-2024.8.30-py3-none-any.whl (from -r requirements.txt (line 4))
Processing e:\soft\py\scripts\demo\requests-2.32.3-py3-none-any.whl (from -r requirements.txt (line 5))
Installing collected packages: urllib3, idna, charset-normalizer, certifi, requests
Successfully installed certifi-2024.8.30 charset-normalizer-3.3.2 idna-3.10 requests-2.32.3 urllib3-2.2.3

E:\soft\py\Scripts\demo>pip list
Package            Version
------------------ ---------
asttokens          2.4.1
certifi            2024.8.30
charset-normalizer 3.3.2
colorama           0.4.6
decorator          5.1.1
executing          2.1.0
idna               3.10
ipython            8.27.0
jedi               0.19.1
matplotlib-inline  0.1.7
parso              0.8.4
pip                24.2
prompt_toolkit     3.0.47
pure_eval          0.2.3
Pygments           2.18.0
requests           2.32.3
six                1.16.0
stack-data         0.6.3
traitlets          5.14.3
urllib3            2.2.3
wcwidth            0.2.13

2.4 修改pip下载源

E:\soft\py\Scripts>pip install ipython -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple