基本方法
./test.sh &
让shell关闭，进程而不死
nohup ./test.sh &
同上
setsid ./test.sh &
文章目录
20230816
Linux Bash 后台运行脚本三种方法：&、nohup、setsid
在许多Linux系统管理任务中，我们经常需要在后台运行一些进程或者脚本，以便它们能够无人干预地持续工作。本文将深入讨论三种在Linux bash中运行后台进程的常见方法：&、nohup、setsid。我们将对每种方法进行详细的解释和比较，并提供实际应用示例。
&操作符
定义和使用
&操作符是一种在bash shell中将进程放入后台执行的简单方法。通常，在命令末尾添加&就可以使命令在后台运行。
例如：
./your-script.sh &
这里，./your-script.sh是你想要在后台运行的bash脚本。加上&操作符后，该脚本会立即在后台启动并执行。
注意事项
使用&操作符启动的后台进程会在当前shell会话结束时被终止。这意味着如果你关闭了启动这个进程的终端或者窗口，那么这个进程也会随之结束。
nohup 命令
定义和使用
nohup是一个允许在后台无挂起地运行命令的程序。nohup是“no hang up”的缩写，直译为“不挂断”，它可以在你退出帐户/关闭终端后继续运行相应的进程。
例如：
nohup ./your-script.sh &
注意事项
默认情况下，nohup命令会将stdout（标准输出）和stderr（标准错误）重定向到一个名为nohup.out的文件中，除非另外指定。如果你想将输出重定向到其他文件，可以使用以下方式：
nohup ./your-script.sh > output.txt &
此处，output.txt是存储所有输出的文件。
setsid 命令
定义和使用
setsid命令在新的会话中运行程序，使其成为新会话的领导者。使用setsid，我们可以创建一个完全独立的会话来运行我们的进程，从而避免在原始会话结束时进程被杀死的问题。
例如：
setsid ./your-script.sh
注意事项
使用setsid时，需要注意与前两种方法的主要区别：setsid并不会自动将进程的输入、输出或错误重定向到/dev/null，所以如果你想忽略这些，需要显式地重定向它们。
例如：
setsid ./your-script.sh >/dev/null 2>&1 < /dev/null
总结
&、nohup和setsid都是在Linux bash中运行后台进程的有效方法，但它们各有优势和适用场景。&操作符简单易用，适合临时后台运行进程；nohup命令适合长期运行的进程，特别是在用户注销或终端关闭的情况下；setsid命令则为进程创建了一个新的会话，使其与原始会话完全分离，适合需要完全独立运行的进程。
参考文章
- Linux Nohup: Run a Command or Shell-Script Even after You Logout
- Running Bash commands in the background the right way
- Using the setsid command
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