第6章 分支语句和逻辑运算符

一* char字符(ASCⅡ编码)

//转换大小写
#include <iostream>
#include <cctype>
#include <string>
int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	char ch;
	string str;
	cout << "Input is begining: \n";
	cin.get(ch);
	while (ch != '@')
	{
		if (isalpha(ch))
		{
			if (islower(ch))
				str += toupper(ch);//str += ch - 32;
			else
				str += tolower(ch);//str += ch + 32;
		}
		else if (isspace(ch))
			str += ch;
		cin.get(ch);
	}
	cout << "After convert, the result is: \n" << str;
	return 0;
}

二* 逻辑运算符

//平均值
#include <iostream>
const short int Num = 10;
int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	double donation[Num],total=0,count=0;
	short int i = 0;
	donation[0] = 0;
	cout << "donation #1: ";
	for (; i<Num && cin>>donation[i]; i++)//最多10个数据且数据类型为数字
	{
		total += donation[i];
		if (i < 9)
			cout << "donation #" << i + 2 << ": ";
	}
	for (int n = 0; n < i; n++)
		if (donation[n] > total / i )
			++count;
	cout << i << " donation numbers of average is " << total / i 
		<< ", "<<count << " numbers are upper than average";
	return 0;
}

三* switch菜单

//菜单驱动程序雏形
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	char ch;
	cout << "Please enter one of the following choice:\a\a\n"
		"c) carnivore		p) pianist\n"
		"t) tree			g) game\n";
	cin >> ch;
	while (ch != 'c' && ch != 'p' && ch != 't' && ch != 'g')
	{
		cout << "Please enter a c p t or g: \a\a";
		cin >> ch;
	}
	switch (ch)
	{
		case 'c':cout << "A maple is a carnivore.";
		case 'p':cout << "A maple is a pianist.";
		case 't':cout << "A maple is a tree.";
		case 'g':cout << "A maple is a game.";
	}
	return 0;
}

四* 结构数组

//BOP成员列表
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct bop {//声明结构bop
	char fullname[15];
	char title[25];
	char bopname[16];
	int preference;
};
int main()
{
	bop memberinfo[5]{//初始化结构数组
		{ "Wimp Macho","Junior Programmer","March",0 },
		{ "Raki Rhodes","Junior Programmer","April",1 },
		{ "Celia Laiter","Intermediate Programmer","MIPS",2 },
		{ "Hoppy Hipman","Senior Programmer","Analyst Trainee",2 },
		{ "Pat Hand","Expert Programmer","LOOPY",2 } 
	};
	cout << "Benevolent Order of Programmers Report\n"
		"a. display by name		b.display by title\n"
		"c. display by bopname	d. display by preference\n"
		"q. quit\n";
	char ch;
	cout << "Enter your choice: ";
	cin >> ch;
	while (ch != 'q') {
		int i = 0;
		for ( ; i < 5; i++) {
			switch (ch) {
				case 'a':cout << memberinfo[i].fullname << endl;
					break;//跳过剩下的语句
				case 'b':cout << memberinfo[i].title << endl;
					break;
				case 'c':cout << memberinfo[i].bopname << endl;
					break;
				case 'd': {
					if (memberinfo[i].preference == 0)
						cout << memberinfo[i].fullname << endl;
					else if (memberinfo[i].preference == 1)
						cout << memberinfo[i].title << endl;
					else
						cout << memberinfo[i].bopname << endl;
					break;
				}
			}
		}
		i = 0;
		cout << "Next choice: ";
		cin >> ch;
	}
	cout << "Bye!";
	return 0;
}

五* cin的数据类型判断

//Neutronia王国收入所得税
#include <iostream>
const float  taxes1 = 0.1, taxes2 = 0.15, taxes3 = 0.2;
int main() {
	using namespace std;
	cout << "Enter income(tvarp)： ";
	float income,taxes;//float和double的第一位是符号位
	cin >> income;//cin:输入数字，非数字结束程序
	while (income > 0) {//输入大于0，另外*使用isdigit(income) && income>0会报错，待解
		if (income <= 5000)
			taxes = 0;
		else if (income > 5000 && income <= 15000)
			taxes = (income - 5000) * taxes1;
		else if (income > 15000 && income <= 35000)
			taxes = (income - 15000) * taxes2 + 10000 * taxes1;
		else
			taxes = (income - 35000) * taxes3 + 20000 * taxes2 + 10000 * taxes1;
		cout << "Your taxes is " << taxes << endl
			<< "Next income(tvarp): ";
		cin >> income;	
	}
	return 0;
}

六* 按条件输出

//捐款结构数组
#include <iostream>
struct patrones {
	char name[30];
	double amount;
};
int main() {
	using namespace std;
	unsigned int donor;
	//获取数据
	do {
		cout << "Enter the number of donors: ";
		cin >> donor;
	} while (donor == 0);//至少1位捐赠者
	patrones* members = new patrones[donor];
	for (int i = 0; i < donor; i++) {
		cout << "Patrones #" << i + 1 << ": ";
		cin >> members[i].name;
		cout << "Amuont #" << i + 1 << ": ";
		cin >> members[i].amount;
	}
	//输出数据
	unsigned int count = 0;
	cout << endl << "Grand Patrones:\n";
	for (int i = 0; i < donor; i++)
		if (members[i].amount > 10000) {
			cout << members[i].name << "\t\t" << members[i].amount << endl;
			++count;
		}
	if (count == 0)
		cout << "none";
	count = 0;
	cout << endl << "Patrones:\n";
	for (int i = 0; i < donor; i++)
		if (members[i].amount <= 10000) {
			cout << members[i].name << endl;
			++count;
		}
	if (count == 0)
		cout << "none";
	delete[]members;
	return 0;
}

七 ？while判断字符串一直为true

//输入元音和辅音的数量
#include <iostream>
#include <cctype>
int main() {
	using namespace std;
	char ch[30];
	unsigned short vowels=0,consonants=0,other=0;
	cout << "Enter words (q to quit):\n";
	cin >> ch;
	while (ch != "q") {//循环条件无法判断？
		if (isalnum(ch[0])) {
			switch (ch[0]) {
			case 'a':
			case 'e':
			case 'i':
			case 'o':
			case 'u':++vowels; break;
			default:++consonants;
			}
		}
		else
				++other;
		cin >> ch;
	}
	cout << vowels << " words beginning with vowels\n"
		<< consonants << " words beginning with consonants\n"
		<< other << " others";
	return 0;
}

2023/1/19更新：

//while (ch != "q");改为如下语句
while (ch[0] != 'q' && sizeof(ch) != 1)

八 ?不能读取中文

//文件包含的字符
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cctype>
int main() {
	using namespace std;
	ifstream inFile;
	char filename[60];//*char数组长度不能用const常量，编译器为VS2022
	cout << "Enter name of data file: ";//MyFriend.txt
	cin.getline(filename, 60);
	inFile.open(filename);
	for (int i = 0; !inFile.is_open(); i++) {//文件不能打开
		if (i < 2) {
			cout << "Could not open the file: " << filename << "\nPlease check the filename: ";
			cin.getline(filename, 60);
			inFile.open(filename);
		}
		else
			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	char ch;//计算文件包含的字符数量
	unsigned int count=0;
	inFile >> ch;
	while (inFile.good()) {//eof判断
		if (!isspace(ch))
			++count;
		inFile >> ch;
	}
	cout << filename << " includes the charactors: "<<count;
	inFile.close();
	return 0;
}

不能读取中文

九* cin.get()读取下一个字符

//捐款结构数组 -- 从文件读取信息
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
struct patrones {
	char name[30];
	double amount;
};
int main() {
	using namespace std;
	unsigned int donor;
	ifstream inFile;
	inFile.open("PatronesStructInfo.txt");
	char ch[30];
	//读取数据
	inFile >> donor;
	inFile.get();//读取下一个字符(换行符)
	patrones* members = new patrones[donor];
	for (int i = 0; i < donor; i++) {
		inFile.getline(members[i].name, 30);
		inFile >> members[i].amount;
		inFile.get();
	}
	inFile.close();
	//输出数据
	unsigned int count = 0;
	cout << endl << "Grand Patrones:\n";
	for (int i = 0; i < donor; i++)
		if (members[i].amount > 10000) {
			cout << members[i].name << "\t\t" << members[i].amount << endl;
			++count;
		}
	if (count == 0)
		cout << "none";
	count = 0;
	cout << endl << "Patrones:\n";
	for (int i = 0; i < donor; i++)
		if (members[i].amount <= 10000) {
			cout << members[i].name << endl;
			++count;
		}
	if (count == 0)
		cout << "none";
	delete[]members;
	return 0;
}