第9章 内存模型和名称空间

一* 函数重载

//golf.h -- for pe9-1.cpp -- 头文件
const int Len = 40;
struct golf {
	char fullname[Len];
	int handicap;
};
void setgolf(golf& g, const char* name, int hc);
int setgolf(golf& g);
void handicap(golf& g, int hc);
void showgolf(const golf& g);

//peg9-1.cpp -- 源代码文件1
#include <iostream>
#include "golf.h"
int main() {
	using std::cout;
	using std::cin;
	golf ann;
	setgolf(ann, "Ann Birdfree", 24);
	cout << "****** Example ******\n";
	showgolf(ann);
	golf andy;
	label:cout << "\n**** Test****\n";
	if (setgolf(andy)) {
		cout << "\n****** PASS ******\n"
			"How many people: ";
		unsigned short n;
		cin >> n;
		if (n > 0) {
			golf* arr = new golf[n];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) 
				setgolf(arr[i]);	
			cout << "\n****** Information ******\n";
			for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
				showgolf(arr[i]);
			delete[] arr;
			cout << "\n****** Bye! ******\n";
		}
	}
	else
		goto label;
	return 0;
}

//golf.cpp -- 源代码文件2
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include "golf.h"
非交互式版本，设置结构并提供成员信息，按引用传递
void setgolf(golf& g, const char* name, int hc) {
	strcpy(g.fullname, name);
	g.handicap = hc;
}
//交互式版本，向用户请求结构成员信息并设置，0名字为空，1名字输入
int setgolf(golf& g) {
	using namespace std;
	cout << "Name: ";
	cin.ignore();
;	cin.getline(g.fullname, Len);
	if (strlen(g.fullname) != 0){
		cout << "Score: ";
		cin >> g.handicap;
		cin.ignore();
		return 1;
	}
	else
		return 0;
}
//设置handicap的新值
void handicap(golf& g, int hc) {
	g.handicap = hc;
}
//显示结构内容
void showgolf(const golf& g) {
	std::cout << g.fullname<<"\t"<<g.handicap<<std::endl;
}

二* 静态存储

//static.cpp -- using a static local variable
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
void strcount(const std::string str);
int main() {
	using namespace std;
	string input;
	cout << "Enter a line:\n";
	getline(cin,input);
	while (input != "  ") {//是否空行
		strcount(input);
		cout << "Enter next line (empty line to quit):\n";
		cin.ignore();
		getline(cin, input);
	}
	cout << "Bye\n";
	return 0;
}
void strcount(const std::string str) {
	using namespace std;
	static int total = 0;
	int count = 0;
	cout << "\"" << str << "\"contains ";
	for(int i=0;str[i];++i)//是否为'\n'
		count++;
	total += count;
	cout << count << " characters\n"
		<< total << " characters total\n";
}

三* 定位new ？

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <new>
struct chaff {
	char dross[20];
	int slag;
};
int buffer[22];
int main() {
	chaff* strstorge = new(buffer)chaff[2];
	std::cout << "****** Dross | Slaf ******\n";
	for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
		std::cout << "Dross Name #"<<i+1<<": ";
		char dro[20];
		std::cin.getline(dro, 20);
		strcpy(strstorge->dross, dro);
		std::cout << "Dross buckets #" << i + 1 << ": ";
		std::cin >> strstorge->slag;
		std::cin.get();
	}
	std::cout << "****** Collection of Dross ******\n";
	for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) 
		std::cout << strstorge->dross << "\t" << strstorge->slag << "\n";
	delete[] strstorge;
	return 0;
}

运行完出现如下断点：

四 待修改

//thing.h -- namsspace,prototype
namespace SALES {
	const int QUARTERS = 4;
	struct Sales {
		double dales[QUARTERS];
		double average;
		double max;
		double min;
	};
	void setSales(Sales& s, const double ar[], int n);
	void setSales(Sales& s);
	void showSales(const Sales& s);
}

//thing.cpp -- definition
#include <iostream>
#include "thing.h"
namespace SALES {
	//非交互式：存储4个季度的销售情况、平均值，最大，最小；没有设置为0
	void setSales(Sales& s, const double ar[], int n) {
		s.dales = ar;
		double sum=0;
		for (int i = 0; i < QUARTERS - 1; ++i) {
			if (s.dales[i] > s.dales[i + 1]) {
				s.max = s.dales[i];
				s.min = s.dales[i + 1];
			}
			else {
				s.max = s.dales[i + 1];
				s.min = s.dales[i];
			}
			sum += s.dales[i];
		}
		sum += s.dales[QUARTERS-1];
		s.average = sum / QUARTERS;
	}
	//交互式：收集并存储4个季度的销售情况
	void setSales(Sales& s) {
		using std::cout;
		using std::cin;
		cout << "Season #1: ";
		cin >> s.dales[0];
		for (int i = 1;i < QUARTERS;) {
			if (s.dales[i] >= 0) {
				cout << "Season #" << i << ": ";
				cin >> s.dales[i];
				++i;
			}
			else
				continue;
		}
	}
	//显示结构s的全部信息
	void showSales(const Sales& s) {
		for (int i = 0; i < QUARTERS; ++i)
			std::cout << s.dales[i];
		std::cout << s.average<< s.max << s.min;
	}
}

//thing1.cpp -- function calls
#include <iostream>
#include "thing.h"
int main() {
	using namespace SALES;
	Sales ann, andy;
	double arr[4] = {1500,2310,1200,6000};
	setSales(ann, arr, 4);
	showSales(ann);
	setSales(andy);
	showSales(andy);
	return 0;
}

报错：