第7章 函数——C++的编程模块

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//调和平均数
#include <iostream>
float average(float,float);
int main() {
	float a, b;
	std::cout << "Enter two numbers: ";
	while (std::cin>>a>>b) {
		if (a != 0 && b != 0) {
			std::cout << "The harmonic mean of " << a << " and " << b << " is " << average(a, b);
			std::cout << "\nEnter two numbers: ";
		}
		else if (a == 0 && b == 0) {
			std::cout << "The harmonic mean of " << a << " and " << b << " is " << average(a, b);
			std::cout << "\nEnter two numbers: ";
		}
		else
			break;
	}
	return 0;
}
float average(float x, float y) {
	return 2.0*x*y/(x+y);
}

二* &&顺序点:左到右

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//高尔夫成绩
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const short int Max=10;
short int times;
float golf[Max],total;
short int input();输入,返回输出成绩数量
float output(short int);//输出,返回总成绩
void average(short int,float);//输出平均数
int main() {
	cout << "Welcome to Golf Score System, 10 enter max, q to quit\n";
	times=input();
	total=output(times);
	if(times!=0)
		average(times,total);
	return 0;
}
short int input() {
	short int i=0;
	cout << "Golf Score 1: ";
	while (i<Max && cin >> golf[i]) {//*cin放&&右边防止数组溢出
		if (golf[i] >= 0) {
			if(i<9)
				cout << "Golf Score " << i + 2 << ": ";
			i++;
		}
		else 
			cout << "Please enter a right score, Golf Score "<<i+1<<": ";
	}
	cout << endl;
	return i;
}
float output(short int i) {
	float ave=0;
	for (int n = 0; n < i; n++) {
		cout << "Golf Score " << n + 1 << ": "<<golf[n]<<endl;
		ave += golf[n];
	}
	return ave;
}
void average(short int a,float b ) {
	times==1? cout << "The average of a golf score is " << b / a:
	cout << "The average of "<<a << " golf scores is " << b / a;
}

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//计算和显示box信息
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
struct box {
	char maker[40];
	float height;
	float width;
	float length;
	float volum;
};
void display(struct box);
float volum(struct box*);
int main() {
	box sbox{ "Black Side",20,20,40 };
	sbox.volum = volum(&sbox);
	display(sbox);
	return 0;
}
float volum(struct box* vol) {
	return vol->height*vol->length*vol->width;
}
void display(struct box dis) {
	cout << "Here are the information of box: "
		"\nMeker: "<<dis.maker
		<<"\nHeight: " << dis.height
		<< "\nWidth: " << dis.width
		<< "\nLength: " << dis.length
		<< "\nVolum: " << dis.volum;
}

四* 数据转换/概率公式

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//lotto.cpp -- probability of winning
#include <iostream>
long double probability(unsigned ,unsigned, unsigned);
int main() {
	using namespace std;
	cout << "Welcom to Happy Lottery! You can win 9000000 dollars just cast 6dollars!\n"
		"5 dollars for 5 Fild Number: 100000 to 100100, 1 dollar for a Special Number: 0 to 50\n"
		"Now, let me tell you the Probability of Win the First Prize.\n\n";
	short int fild = 101, fildpicks = 5, special = 51;
	cout << "You have one chance in " << probability(fild,fildpicks,special) << " of winning.\n";
	cout << "Bye!\n";
	return 0;
}
long double probability(unsigned number,unsigned picks,unsigned spe) {
	long double result = 1.0;
	long double n = number;
	unsigned p = picks;
	for ( ; p > 0; n--, p--)
		result *= n / p;
	return 1/result/spe;
}
/*unsigned short int* getNumbers() {
	cout << "\nEnter the Fild Number #1: ";
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; ) {
		cin >> fild[i];
		if (fild[i] >= 100000 && fild[i] <= 100100) {
			fild[i] -= 100000;
			++i;
			cout << "\nEnter the Fild Number #" << i + 1 << ": ";
		}
		else
			cout << "Please enter the correct Fild Number #" << i + 1 << ": ";
	}
	cout << "\nThe last step, Enter a Special Number: ";
	cin >> fild[5];
	while (fild[5] > 50 || fild[5] < 0) {
		cout << "Please enter a correct Special Number: ";
		cin >> fild[5];
	}
	return fild;
}*/

五* 递归-循环

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//递归 -- 阶乘
#include <iostream>
unsigned int factorial(int);
int main() {
	using namespace std;
	int n;
	cout << "Enter a number: ";
	while (cin >> n) {
		cout << n << "! = " << factorial(n);
		cout << "\nEnter a number: ";
	}
	return 0;
}
unsigned int factorial(int n) {
	unsigned int fac = 1;
	n != 0 ? fac *= n*factorial(n - 1):fac;
	return fac;
}

六* 反转数组-

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//数组反转
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const unsigned int arSize = 10;
unsigned short Fill_array(double [], unsigned int);
void Show_array(double[], unsigned int);
void Reverse_array(double[], unsigned int);
void Reverse_arraypl(double[], unsigned int);
int main() {
	double num[arSize];
	unsigned int arsize = Fill_array(num, arSize);
	Show_array(num, arsize);
	Reverse_array(num, arsize);
	cout << endl;
	Show_array(num, arsize);
	Reverse_arraypl(num, arsize);
	cout << endl;
	Show_array(num, arsize);
	return 0;
}
unsigned short Fill_array(double number[], unsigned int size) {
	unsigned int i=0;
	cout << "Enter a double: ";
	for ( ; i < arSize && cin >> number[i];i++) 
		if(i<arSize-1)
		cout << "Enter a double: ";
	return i;
}
void Show_array(double number[], unsigned int size) {
	cout << "Array include: ";
	for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
		cout << number[i] <<"\t";
}
void Reverse_array(double number[], unsigned int size) {
	double temp;
	for (int i = 0; i < size / 2; +i++) {
		temp = number[i];
		number[i] = number[size - i - 1];
		number[size - i - 1] = temp;
	}
}
void Reverse_arraypl(double number[], unsigned int size) {
	double temp;
	for (int i = 1; i < size / 2; +i++) {
		temp = number[i];
		number[i] = number[size - i - 1];
		number[size - i - 1] = temp;
	}
}

七 待修改

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// arrfun3.cpp -- array function and const
#include <iostream>
const int Max = 5;
const double* fill_array(const double*,const double*);
void show_array(const double*,const double*);
void revalue(double r,const double*,const double*);
int main() {
	using namespace std;
	double properties[Max];

	const double *arrend = fill_array(properties, properties+Max);
	show_array(properties,arrend);
	if (arrend > 0) {
		cout << "Enter revaluation factor: ";
		double factor;
		while (!(cin >> factor)) {
			cin.clear();
			while (cin.get() != '\n')
				continue;
			cout << "Bad input; Please enter a number: ";
		}
		revalue(factor, properties, arrend);
		show_array(properties, arrend);
	}
	cout << "Done.\n";
	cin.get();
	cin.get();
	return 0;
}
const double* fill_array(const double* begin,const double* end) {
	using namespace std;
	double temp;
	const double* pt;
	for (pt = begin; pt!=end; pt++) {
		cout << "Enter value #" << *(pt + 1) << ": ";
		cin >> temp;
		if (!cin) {
			cin.clear();
			while (cin.get() != '\n')
				continue;
			cout << "Bad input; input process terminated.\n";
			break;
		}
		else if (temp < 0)
			break;
		pt = &temp;
	}
	return pt;
}
void show_array(const double* begin, const double* end) {
	using namespace std;
	for (const double* pt=begin;begin!=end; pt++) {
		cout << "Property #" << *(pt + 1) << ": $";
		cout << pt << endl;
	}
}
void revalue(double r,const double* begin,const double* end) {
	double rev;
	for (const double* pt = begin; pt != end; pt++) {
		rev = *pt * r;
		pt =&rev;
	}
}

八* char*一维数组-指针-结构

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//arrobj.cpp -- function with array objects(C++11)
#include <iostream>
const int Seasons = 4;
const char* Snames[Seasons]= { "Spring","Summer","Fall","Winter" };
void fill(double pa[Seasons]);
void show(double da[Seasons]);
int main() {
	double expenses[Seasons];
	fill(expenses);
	show(expenses);
	return 0;
}
void fill(double pa[Seasons]) {
	using namespace std;
	for (int i = 0; i < Seasons; i++) {
		cout << "Enter " << Snames[i] << " expenses: ";
		cin >> pa[i];
	}
}
void show(double da[Seasons]) {
	using namespace std;
	double total = 0.0;
	cout << "\nEXPENSES\n";
	for (int i = 0; i < Seasons; i++) {
		cout << Snames[i] << ": $" << da[i] << endl;
		total += da[i];
	}
	cout << "Total Expense: $" << total << endl;
}
//arrobj.cpp -- function with array objects(C++11)
#include <iostream>
const int Seasons = 4;
struct name {
	const char* Snames[Seasons];
};
name Snames = {"Spring","Summer","Fall","Winter"};
void fill(double pa[Seasons]);
void show(double da[Seasons]);
int main() {
	double expenses[Seasons];
	fill(expenses);
	show(expenses);
	return 0;
}
void fill(double pa[Seasons]) {
	using namespace std;
	for (int i = 0; i < Seasons; i++) {
		cout << "Enter " << Snames.Snames[i] << " expenses: ";
		cin >> pa[i];
	}
}
void show(double da[Seasons]) {
	using namespace std;
	double total = 0.0;
	cout << "\nEXPENSES\n";
	for (int i = 0; i < Seasons; i++) {
		cout << Snames.Snames[i] << ": $" << da[i] << endl;
		total += da[i];
	}
	cout << "Total Expense: $" << total << endl;
}

九* char数组和cctype

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//学生信息
#include <iostream>
#include <cctype>
using namespace std;
const int SLEN = 30;
struct student {
	char fullname[SLEN];
	char hobby[SLEN];
	int ooplevel;
};
int getinfo(student pa[], int n) {
	int i = 0;
	for (; i < n ; ++i) {
		cout << "Enter the information of studnet " << i + 1 << "\nName: ";
		cin.getline(pa[i].fullname, SLEN);
		if (! isalpha(pa[i].fullname[0]))
			break;
		cout << "Hobby: ";
		cin.getline(pa[i].hobby, SLEN);
		cout << "Ooplevel: ";
		cin >> pa[i].ooplevel;
		cin.get();
	}
	return i;
}
void display1(student st) {
	cout << "\n\nName: " << st.fullname
		<< "\nHobby: " << st.hobby
		<< "\nOoplevel: " << st.ooplevel;
}
void display2(const student* ps) {
	cout << "\n\nName: " << ps->fullname
		<< "\nHobby: " << ps->hobby
		<< "\nOoplevel: " << ps->ooplevel;
}
void display3(const student pa[], int n) {
	for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
		cout << "\n\nName: " << pa[i].fullname
			<< "\nHobby: " << pa[i].hobby
			<< "\nOoplevel: " << pa[i].ooplevel;
	}
}
int main() {
	cout << "Enter class size: ";
	int class_size;
	cin >> class_size;
	while (cin.get() != '\n')
		continue;

	student* ptr_stu = new student[class_size];
	int entered = getinfo(ptr_stu, class_size);
	for (int i = 0; i < entered; ++i) {
		display1(ptr_stu[i]);
		display2(&ptr_stu[i]);
	}
	display3(ptr_stu, entered);
	delete[] ptr_stu;
	cout << "Done\n";
	return 0;
}

十* 函数指针与函数指针数组

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//函数指针(*pf)
#include <iostream>
double add(double x, double y) {
	return x + y;
}
double substract(double x, double y) {
	return x - y;
}
double multiply(double x, double y) {
	return x * y;
}
double division(double x, double y) {
	return x / y;
}
double calculate(double a, double b,double (*pf)(double x, double y)) {
		return pf(a,b); 
}
int main() {
	double num1, num2=1;
	while (num2!=0) {
		std::cout << "Enter two numbers: ";
		std::cin >> num1 >> num2;
		std::cout <<"CALCULATE:\n"<< num1 << " + " << num2 << " = " << calculate(num1, num2, add) << std::endl;
		std::cout << num1 << " - " << num2 << " = " << calculate(num1, num2, substract) <<std::endl;
		std::cout << num1 << " * " << num2 << " = " << calculate(num1, num2, multiply) << std::endl;
		std::cout << num1 << " / " << num2 << " = " << calculate(num1, num2, division) << std::endl<<std::endl;
	}
	return 0;
}
//函数指针数组
#include <iostream>
double add(double x, double y) {
	return x + y;
}
double substract(double x, double y) {
	return x - y;
}
double multiply(double x, double y) {
	return x * y;
}
double division(double x, double y) {
	return x / y;
}
double (*pf[4])(double x, double y) {
	add, substract, multiply, division
};
double calculate(double a, double b,double (*pf[])(double x, double y)) {
	if (pf[0])
		return pf[0](a, b);
	else if (pf[1])
		return pf[1](a, b);
	else if (pf[2])
		return pf[2](a,b);
	else if(pf[3)
		return pf[3];
}
int main() {
	double num1, num2=1;
	while (num2!=0) {
		std::cout << "Enter two numbers: ";
		std::cin >> num1 >> num2;
		for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
			std::cout<<calculate(num1, num2,&pf[i])<<"\t";
		std::cout << std::endl<<std::endl;
	}
	return 0;
}
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