第8章 函数探幽

一* getline()-string

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
void print(string str) { cout << str; }
void printstr(string str, int n = 1) {
	for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
		print(str);
}
int main() {
	string str;
	int n=5;
	cout << "Enter what you want to say: ";
	getline(cin, str);
	printstr(str);
	cout << endl;
	printstr(str, n);
	return 0;
}

二 strcpy()待修改

//待修改
#include <iostream> 
using namespace std;
struct CandyBar {
	char* brand;
	double weight;
	int energy;
};
void myCandy(CandyBar& candy,const char* brand = "Milennium Munch",const double weight=2.85,const int energy=350) {
	strcpy_s(candy.brand,strlen(brand)+1, brand);//0xC0000005: 读取位置 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF 时发生访问冲突。 13
	//strcpy(candy.brand, brand);//C4996 'strcpy': unsafe. strcpy_s instead.To disable deprecation, use _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS  11
	//candy.brand = brand; //不能将const char*类型的值分配到char*类型的实体 12
	candy.weight = weight;
	candy.energy = energy;
	cout << "Candy Brand: " << candy.brand
		<< "\nCandy Weight: " << candy.weight<<" g"
		<< "\nCandy Energy: " << candy.energy<<" cal\n";
}
int main() {
	CandyBar candy;
	myCandy(candy);
	return 0;
}

//string
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
struct CandyBar {
	string brand;
	double weight;
	int energy;
};
void myCandy(CandyBar& candy,const string brand = "Milennium Munch",const double weight=2.85,const int energy=350) {
	candy.brand = brand;
	candy.weight = weight;
	candy.energy = energy;
	cout << "Candy Brand: " << candy.brand
		<< "\nCandy Weight: " << candy.weight<<" g"
		<< "\nCandy Energy: " << candy.energy<<" cal\n";
}
int main() {
	CandyBar candy;
	myCandy(candy);
	return 0;
}

三* str.length()

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cctype>
using namespace std;
string toupper(string& str) {
	for (int i = 0;i < str.length();++i)
		str[i] = toupper(str[i]);
	return str;
}
int main() {
	cout << "Enter a string (q to quit): ";
	string str;
	getline(cin, str);
	while (str[0] != 'q') {
		if (str.length() != 1) {
			cout << toupper(str)<<endl
				<< "Next string (q to quit): ";
			getline(cin, str);
		}
		else
			break;
	}
	cout << "Bye.\n";
	return 0;
}

四* 重载函数(特征标)

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS//when not strcpy_s()
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<cstring>//strlen(),strcpy()
struct stringy {
	char* str;
	int ct;//length of string(no '\0')
};
void set(stringy& bea,const char* test) {//bea为引用参数
	bea.str = new char [strlen(test) + 1];//分配空间以保存test
	strcpy(bea.str, test);//设置Beany的str成员指向新块，将testing复制到新块，并设置beay的ct成员
}
void show(const stringy& bea,const int n=1) {
	for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
		cout << bea.str;
}
void show(const string& str, const int n=1) {
	for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
		cout << str;
}
int main() {
	stringy beany;
	char testing[] = "Reality isn't what it used to be.";
	set(beany, testing);
	show(beany); cout << endl;
	show(beany, 2);	cout << endl;
	testing[0] = 'D';
	testing[1] = 'u';
	show(testing); cout << endl;
	show(testing, 3); cout << endl;
	show("Done!\n");
	return 0;
}

五* 模板函数

#include <iostream>
const int size = 5;
template <typename T>
T max5(T a[]) {
	T b=0;
	for (int i = 0; i < size-1; ++i) 
		a[i] > a[i + 1]?b = a[i]:b = a[i + 1];
	return b;

}
int main() {
	int inte[size] = { 1,0,3,4,5 };
	double dou[size] = { 12.0,11.2,23.5,78.6,1.1 };
	std::cout<<max5(inte, size)<<std::endl<<max5(dou,size)<<std::endl;
}

六* 具体化待修改

#include <iostream>
const int sizeinte = 6,sizedou=4;
template <typename T>
T maxn(T a[], int n) {
	T b = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i)
		a[i] >= a[i + 1] ? b = a[i] : b = a[i + 1];
	return b;
}
template <>char* maxn(char* pt[],int& n) {//没有与指定类型匹配的 函数模板 "maxn"实例
	char* b;
	for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i)
		strlen(pt[i]) >= strlen(pt[1 + 1]) ? b = pt[i] : b = pt[i + 1];
	return b;
}
int main() {
	int inte[sizeinte] = { 1,0,3,4,5,5 };
	double dou[sizedou] = { 12.0,11.2,23.5,1.1 };
	std::cout << maxn(inte, sizeinte) << std::endl << maxn(dou, sizedou) << std::endl;
}

七

//tempover.cpp -- template overloading
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template <typename T>
void SumArray(T Arr[], int n);
template <typename T>
void SumArray(T* array[], int n);
struct debts {
	char name[50];
	double amount;
};
int main() {
	int things[6] = { 13,31,103,301,310,130 };
	struct debts mr_E[3] = {
		{"Ima Wolfe",2400.0},
		{"Ura Foxe",1300.0},
		{"Iby Stout",1800.0}
	};
	double* pd[3];
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
		pd[i] = &mr_E[i].amount;
	cout << "Listinng Mr.E's debts:\n";
	SumArray(things, 6);
	cout << "Listing Mr.E's debts:\n";
	SumArray(pd, 3);
	return 0;
}
template <typename T>
void SumArray(T arr[], int n) {
	cout << "Template A\n";
	T sum=0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		sum+=arr[i];
	cout << sum<<endl;
}
template <typename T>
void SumArray(T* arr[], int n) {
	cout << "template B\n";
	T sum = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
		sum += *arr[i];
	cout<<sum<<endl;
}