Android 申请运行时权限并封装

Android开发团队在6.0系统中加入运行时权限的功能，用户不需要在安装软件的时候一次性授权所有的权限，而是可以在软件使用过程中对某一权限进行授权。Android 将所有权限分为两类，一类是普通权限，一类是危险权限。

• 普通权限：不会直接威胁到用户的安全及隐私，系统会自动帮我们授权。
• 危险权限：那些可能触及用户的隐私，或者设备安全性的权限，比如设备联系人信息，定位设备地理位置等。
• 危险权限一共9组24个权限，分别为GALENDAR,CAMERA,CONTACTS,LOCATION,MICROPHONE,PHONE,SENSORS,SMS,STORAGE。在进行运行时权限处理使用的是权限名，一旦用户授权了，那么该组内的其他权限也同时被授权。

申请权限封装到 BaseActivity

public class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private Activity activity = null;
    private PermissionListener mListener;
    private ArrayList<String> requestPermissionList;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        activity = this;
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_base);
    }

    /**
     * 请求权限
     * @param permissions 权限组
     * @param listener    权限回调
     */
    protected void handlePermissions(String[] permissions, PermissionListener listener) {
        if (permissions == null || activity == null) {
            return;
        }
        mListener = listener;
        requestPermissionList = new ArrayList<>();
        //检验权限是否已授权，未授权则添加到集合中
        for (String permission : permissions) {
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                requestPermissionList.add(permission);
            }
        }
        //申请未授权的权限
        if (!requestPermissionList.isEmpty()) {
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
                    requestPermissionList.toArray(new String[requestPermissionList.size()]), 1);
        } else {
            listener.onGranted();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 授权返回方法
     * @param requestCode  请求码
     * @param permissions  权限数组
     * @param grantResults 授权结果
     */
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
                                           @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        switch (requestCode) {
            //处理授权结果，回调用户操作页面
            case 1:
                if (grantResults.length > 0) {
                    ArrayList<String> deniedPermission = new ArrayList<>();
                    for (int i = 0; i < grantResults.length; i++) {
                        int grantResult = grantResults[i];
                        String permission = permissions[i];
                        if (grantResult != 0) {
                            deniedPermission.add(permission);
                        }
                    }
                    if (!deniedPermission.isEmpty()) {
                        mListener.onDenied(deniedPermission);
                    } else {
                        mListener.onGranted();
                    }
                }
                break;
            default:
        }
    }
}

申请权限的页面请求权限

public class PermissionActivity extends BaseActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_permission);
        requestPermissionStatus();
    }

    private void requestPermissionStatus() {
        handlePermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, new PermissionListener() {
            @Override
            public void onGranted() {
                //请求权限成功后，进行业务逻辑处理...
                Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }

            @Override
            public void onDenied(List<String> deniedPermissions) {
                boolean allNeverAskAgain = true;    
                for (String deniedPermission : deniedPermissions) {
                    if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(PermissionActivity.this,deniedPermission)) {
                        allNeverAskAgain = false;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                //禁止并勾选不在询问后，弹窗引导用户手动进入应用信息页面手动授权
                if (allNeverAskAgain) {
                    Dialog dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(PermissionActivity.this,R.style.GifFunAlertDialogStyle)
                            .setMessage("请在权限管理中心中允许权限")
                            .setPositiveButton("设置", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                                @Override
                                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                                    Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
                                    Uri uri = Uri.fromParts("package", PermissionActivity.this.getPackageName(), null);
                                    intent.setData(uri);
                                    startActivity(intent);
                                }
                            })
                            .setNegativeButton("取消",null)
                            .create();
                    dialog.show();
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this,"权限被拒绝，无法进行操作",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

当使用 WindowManager 时，请求权限，requestPermissions 方法将会失效，不会有弹窗提示，需要以下方法获取权限。

@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
private void getOverlayPermission() {
    if (!Settings.canDrawOverlays(MainActivity.this)) {
          Toast.makeText(this, "can not DrawOverlays", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
          Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_OVERLAY_PERMISSION, Uri.parse("package:" + MainActivity.this.getPackageName()));
          startActivityForResult(intent, 1);
     } else {
            // Already hold the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission, do addview or something.
     }
 }

//启动设置页面用户手动设置后，判断是否已授权。
 @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
 @Override
 protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
     if (requestCode == 1) {
         if (!Settings.canDrawOverlays(this)) {
             // SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission not granted...
         } else {
             // Already hold the SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW permission, do addview or something.
         }
     }
 }