#!/usr/bin/perl
#-----------------------------
#substr用来存取子串,可以修改子串,主要用法如下:
#$value = substr($string, $offset, $count);
#$value = substr($string, $offset);
#substr($string, $offset, $count) = $newstring;
#substr($string, $offset) = $newtail;
#-----------------------------
# 首先得到一个5个字符的字符串,然后跳过三个字符,分别得到2个8字符的字符串,最后剩下的给$trailing
#unpack/pack的用法以后会讲到,或者参见google 一下 ‘perl函数 unpack’
($leading, $s1, $s2, $trailing) =
unpack("A5 x3 A8 A8 A*", $data);
# 将字符串分成每5个字符一个串,存入数组@fives
@fivers = unpack("A5" x (length($string)/5), $string);
# 将字符串打散成单个字符,存入数组@chars
@chars = unpack("A1" x length($string), $string);
#-----------------------------
$string = "This is what you have";
# +012345678901234567890 Indexing forwards (left to right)
# 109876543210987654321- Indexing backwards (right to left)
# note that 0 means 10 or 20, etc. above
#下面是一些例子:
$first = substr($string, 0, 1); # "T"
$start = substr($string, 5, 2); # "is"
$rest = substr($string, 13); # "you have"
$last = substr($string, -1); # "e"
$end = substr($string, -4); # "have"
$piece = substr($string, -8, 3); # "you"
#-----------------------------
$string = "This is what you have";
print $string;
#This is what you have
substr($string, 5, 2) = "wasn't"; # 改变 "is" 为 "wasn't"
#This wasn't what you have
substr($string, -12) = "ondrous";# 替换最后12个字符
#This wasn't wondrous
substr($string, 0, 1) = ""; # 删除首字符
#his wasn't wondrous
substr($string, -10) = ""; # 删除最后10个字符
#his wasn'
#-----------------------------
# 你可以用 =~ 来测试子串,=~为正则表达式匹配运算符,后面会讲到,还可以google Perl 正则表达式
#主要是匹配则为True;否则为False。 pattern可以自己根据需要构造。
if (substr($string, -10) =~ /pattern/) {
print "Pattern matches in last 10 characters/n";
}
# 将 "is" 换为 "at", 限制在最后五个字符;=~ s/// 为替换表达式。
substr($string, 0, 5) =~ s/is/at/g;
#-----------------------------
# 将字符串$a的第一个和最后一个字符交换
$a = "make a hat";
(substr($a,0,1), substr($a,-1)) = (substr($a,-1), substr($a,0,1));
print $a;
# take a ham
#-----------------------------
# 抽取某些子串
$a = "To be or not to be";
$b = unpack("x6 A6", $a); # 跳过6个字符,抽取6个字符
print $b;
# or not
($b, $c) = unpack("x6 A2 X5 A2", $a); # 跳过6个字符, 抽出2个字符的子串;后退5个字符,抽出2个字符的子串
print "$b/n$c/n";
# or
#
# be
#-----------------------------
#下面是一个综合的例子,主要是一个函数,实现了
#一种模板格式的输出。
sub cut2fmt {
my(@positions) = @_;
my $template = '';
my $lastpos = 1;
foreach $place (@positions) {
$template .= "A" . ($place - $lastpos) . " ";
$lastpos = $place;
}
$template .= "A*";
return $template;
}
$fmt = cut2fmt(8, 14, 20, 26, 30);
print "$fmt/n";
# A7 A6 A6 A6 A4 A*
#-----------------------------
perl 中substr应用详解
最新推荐文章于 2023-07-24 18:15:27 发布