原型模式:不根据类生成实例,根据实例来生成新实例。
java语言中,使用clone创建出实例副本。
示例:将字符串放入方框中显示出来或是加上下划线显示出来。
Product接口:(复制功能的接口)
package framework;
import java.lang.Cloneable;
public interface Product extends Cloneable {public abstract void use(String s);
public abstract Product createClone();
}
manager类:(使用Product接口复制实例)
package framework;
import java.util.*;
public class Manager {
private HashMap showcase = new HashMap();
public void register(String name, Product proto) {
showcase.put(name, proto);
}
public Product create(String protoname) {
Product p = (Product)showcase.get(protoname);
return p.createClone();
}
}
ManagerBox类
import framework.*;
public class MessageBox implements Product {
private char decochar;
public MessageBox(char decochar) {
this.decochar = decochar;
}
public void use(String s) {
int length = s.getBytes().length;
for (int i = 0; i < length + 4; i++) {
System.out.print(decochar);
}
System.out.println("");
System.out.println(decochar + " " + s + " " + decochar);
for (int i = 0; i < length + 4; i++) {
System.out.print(decochar);
}
System.out.println("");
}
public Product createClone() {
Product p = null;
try {
p = (Product)clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return p;
}
}
UnderlinePen类:
import framework.*;
public class UnderlinePen implements Product {
private char ulchar;
public UnderlinePen(char ulchar) {
this.ulchar = ulchar;
}
public void use(String s) {
int length = s.getBytes().length;
System.out.println("\"" + s + "\"");
System.out.print(" ");
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
System.out.print(ulchar);
}
System.out.println("");
}
public Product createClone() {
Product p = null;
try {
p = (Product)clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return p;
}
}
Main类:
import framework.*;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 准备
Manager manager = new Manager();
UnderlinePen upen = new UnderlinePen('~');
MessageBox mbox = new MessageBox('*');
MessageBox sbox = new MessageBox('/');
manager.register("strong message", upen);
manager.register("warning box", mbox);
manager.register("slash box", sbox);
// 生成
Product p1 = manager.create("strong message");
p1.use("Hello, world.");
Product p2 = manager.create("warning box");
p2.use("Hello, world.");
Product p3 = manager.create("slash box");
p3.use("Hello, world.");
}
}
Prototype(原型) | 负责定义用于复制现有的实例来生成新实例的方法(Product接口) |
ConcretePrototype(具体的原型) | 负责实现用于复制现有的实例来生成新实例的方法 |
client(使用者) | f负责使用复制实例的方法生成新的实例(Manager类) |
使用:(1)对象种类繁多,无法将它们整合到一个类中时
(2)难以根据类生成实例
(3)想解耦框架与生成的实例时