虚函数的使用和公有继承的数据调用

Figure 类有一个数据成员radius和虚函数area ()和volume()。从Figure类派生出Sphere类和Column类，分别实现求球体和圆柱体的体积和表面积。并编写测试程序。

#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;

const double pi = 3.14;
class Figure
{
    public:
        Figure(){};
        Figure(double r){radius = r;};
        virtual double area(){return 0.0;}
        virtual double volume(){return 0.0;}
        ~Figure(){};
    protected:
        double radius;
};

class Sphere:public Figure
{
    public:
        Sphere(double r){radius = r;}
        virtual double area(){return 4 * pi * pow(radius, 2);}
        virtual double volume(){return 4/3.0 * pi * pow(radius, 3); }
        ~Sphere(){};
};

class Column:public Figure
{
    public:
        Column(){};
        Column(double r, int h){radius = r;H = h;}
        virtual double area(){return pi * pow(radius, 2) * H;}
        virtual double volume(){return 2 * pi * pow(radius, 2) + 2 * pi * radius * H;}
        ~Column(){};
    private:
        int H;
};

void func(Figure &p)
{
    cout << "area = " << p.area() << endl;
    cout << "volume = " << p.volume() << endl;
}
int main()
{
    int r = 3;
    int h = 4;
    Figure F(r);

    Sphere S(r);
    cout << "Sphere:\n";
    func(S);

    Column C(r, h);
    cout << "Column:\n";
    func(C);

    return 0;
}

 p.area() 对象加访问函数，可以直接输出成员函数返回值

基类的数据成员可以继承，但需要再次赋值，Sphere S(r)-虽然先构造基类的构造函数，但是不会赋值给基类的数据成员