120. Triangle -Medium

Question

Given a triangle, find the minimum path sum from top to bottom. Each step you may move to adjacent numbers on the row below.

给出一个三角形，找出从其顶端到底端的最小路径的总和，每次移动是下一行的相邻数字。

Example

given the following triangle

*[
[2],
[3,4],
[6,5,7],
[4,1,8,3]
]

The minimum path sum from top to bottom is 11 (i.e., 2 + 3 + 5 + 1 = 11).

Solution

• 动态规划解。定义dp[i][j]：以triangle[i][j]结尾的最小路径。那么每个triangle[i][j]的上一层元素是相邻数字，我们只需把较小的路径保存下来即可。递推式：dp[i][j] = min(dp[i- 1][j] + triangle[i][j], dp[i - 1][j - 1] + triangle[i][j])。当然每一行的行首和行末元素的上一层都只有一个来源

  class Solution(object):
      def minimumTotal(self, triangle):
          """
          :type triangle: List[List[int]]
          :rtype: int
          """
          if len(triangle) == 0: return 0
          if len(triangle[0]) == 0: return 0
          dp = [[float('inf') for _ in range(len(triangle[i]))] for i in range(len(triangle))]
          dp[0][0] = triangle[0][0]
          for index_r in range(1, len(triangle)):
              for index_c in range(len(triangle[index_r])):
                  # 如果是当前行的最后一个元素，其上一层元素只能是dp[index_r - 1][index_c - 1]
                  if index_c == len(triangle[index_r]) - 1:
                      dp[index_r][index_c] = dp[index_r - 1][index_c - 1] + triangle[index_r][index_c]
                  # 如果是当前和的第一个元素，其上一层元素只能是dp[index_r - 1][index_c]
                  elif index_c == 0:
                      dp[index_r][index_c] = dp[index_r - 1][index_c] + triangle[index_r][index_c]
                  # 其余元素的上层元素均有两个
                  else:
                       dp[index_r][index_c] = min(dp[index_r - 1][index_c] + triangle[index_r][index_c],
                                                 dp[index_r - 1][index_c - 1] + triangle[index_r][index_c])
          # 返回最后一行中最小的一个
          return min(dp[-1])