cobbler

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最新推荐文章于 2024-03-31 21:17:55 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/EucalyptusA/article/details/107682212

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cobbler

1. cobbler简介
Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。

Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。

Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。

Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet，暂时不支持SaltStack。

Cobbler官网

cobbler集成的服务

PXE服务支持
DHCP服务管理
DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)
电源管理
Kickstart服务支持
YUM仓库管理
TFTP(PXE启动时需要)
Apache(提供kickstart的安装源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)
cobbler配置文件详解
cobbler配置文件目录在/etc/cobbler

配置文件	作用
/etc/cobbler/settings	cobbler 主配置文件
/etc/cobbler/iso/	iso模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/pxe	pxe模板配置文件
/etc/cobbler/power	电源配置文件
/etc/cobbler/user.conf	web服务授权配置文件
/etc/cobbler/users.digest	web访问的用户名密码配置文件
/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template	dhcp服务器的的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template	dns服务器的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template	tftp服务的配置模板
/etc/cobbler/modules.conf	模块的配置文件

cobbler数据目录

目录	作用
/var/lib/cobbler/config/	用于存放distros，system，profiles等信息配置文件
/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/	用于存放用户定义的cobbler命令
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstart/	默认存放kickstart文件
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/	存放各种引导程序以及镜像目录
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/	导入的发行版系统的所有数据
/var/www/cobbler/images/	导入发行版的kernel和initrd镜像用于远程网络启动
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror/	yum仓库存储目录

cobbler日志文件

日志文件路径	说明
/var/log/cobbler/installing	客户端安装日志
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log	cobbler日志

cobbler命令详解

cobbler check       //核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list        //列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report      //列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync        //同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync    //同步yum仓库
cobbler distro      //查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system      //查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile     //查看配置信息

2. cobbler服务端安装

#开始前确保防火墙色selinux永久是disable状态
#确保配置好yum源，包括epel源
#安装cobbler以及相关软件
[root@localhost ~]#  yum -y install httpd dhcp tftp python-ctypes cobbler  xinetd cobbler-web pykickstart net-tools

#启动服务并开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now cobblerd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now rsyncd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.

#cobbler服务器的ip，应设置为本机的ip，不能设为0.0.0.0，它不是监听地址
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.152.157/' /etc/cobbler/settings
#next_server选项用于DHCP / PXE，作为下载网络启动文件的TFTP服务器的IP。通常与服务器设置相同的IP。
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.152.157/' /etc/cobbler/settings

#开启TFTP
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/disable/s/yes/no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp


#下载缺失文件
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2020-07-29_111939_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Wed Jul 29 11:19:39 2020)
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

#生成加密的密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 '123456'
$1$sZOCuUQA$4JM7xfgT8Emkow3QHdAPA0

#将新生成的加密密码加入到配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
......
default_password_crypted: "$1$sZOCuUQA$4JM7xfgT8Emkow3QHdAPA0"
......

#重启cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -tanl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                  Local Address:Port                                 Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      100                         127.0.0.1:25                                              *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5                           127.0.0.1:25151                                           *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5                                   *:873                                             *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                 *:22                                              *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                             [::1]:25                                           [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                              [::]:443                                          [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      5                                [::]:873                                          [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                              [::]:80                                           [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                              [::]:22                                           [::]:*      

#通过cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
//以上两个是关于debian系统的缺包错误，请忽略


#配置cobbler dhcp
#修改cobbler配置文件，让cobbler控制dhcp
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i '/^manage_dhcp/s/0/1/g' /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# sed -n '/^manage_dhcp/p' /etc/cobbler/settings
manage_dhcp: 1

#配置dhcp
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
......
subnet 192.168.152.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             192.168.152.157;
     option domain-name-servers 192.168.152.2;		//此处为系统安装好后指定的dns地址
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.152.100 192.168.152.254;
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;
......



#重启服务并同步配置，改完dhcp必须要sync同步配置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2020-07-29_113407_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Wed Jul 29 11:34:07 2020)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***


#检查dhcp是否正常
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anulp|grep dhcp
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67              0.0.0.0:*                           1653/dhcpd         



#导入centos7镜像
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=CentOS-7 --arch=x86_64
task started: 2020-07-29_114226_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Wed Jul 29 11:42:26 2020)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64:
creating new distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS-7-x86_64
creating new profile: CentOS-7-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64 for CentOS-7-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
#说明：
    --path      //镜像路径
    --name      //为安装源定义一个名字
    --arch      //指定安装源平台
#安装源的唯一标示就是根据name参数来定义，本例导入成功后，安装源的唯一标示就是：CentOS-7-x86_64，如果重复，系统会提示导入失败
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler list
distros:
   CentOS-7-x86_64

profiles:
   CentOS-7-x86_64

systems:

repos:

images:

mgmtclasses:

packages:

files:



#创建kickstarts自动安装脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cat > /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7-x86_64.ks <<'EOF'
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=15000
text
firewall --disabled
firstboot --disable
keyboard us
lang en_US
url --url=http://192.168.152.157/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64
$yum_repo_stanza
reboot

rootpw --iscrypted $1$uWE7AB.4$PkdHLLjN2ifJ4551EtPaj1

selinux --disabled
skipx
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
install
zerombr

%packages
@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools

%end

%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'

%end

%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end
EOF


#检查ks文件语法是否有误
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler validateks
task started: 2020-07-29_115352_validateks
task started (id=Kickstart Validation, time=Wed Jul 29 11:53:52 2020)
----------------------------
osversion: rhel7
checking url: http://192.168.32.125/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/CentOS-7-x86_64
running: /usr/bin/ksvalidator -v "rhel7" "http://192.168.32.125/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/CentOS-7-x86_64"
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
*** all kickstarts seem to be ok ***
*** TASK COMPLETE ***





#查看当前cobbler有哪些配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile list
   CentOS-7-x86_64
   
#修改profile，将我们新建的ks文件设为默认的kickstarts安装文件
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name CentOS-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7-x86_64.ks

#配置网卡名称为传统网卡名称eth0
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name CentOS-7-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'

#检查当前系统cobbler配置文件信息
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile report
Name                           : CentOS-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : CentOS-7-x86_64	//仓库名字
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7-x86_64.ks
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm



#同步cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2020-07-29_120114_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Wed Jul 29 12:01:14 2020)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for CentOS-7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***




#重启所有服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -tanl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q                  Local Address:Port                                 Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      100                         127.0.0.1:25                                              *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5                           127.0.0.1:25151                                           *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5                                   *:873                                             *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                                 *:22                                              *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                             [::1]:25                                           [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                              [::]:443                                          [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      5                                [::]:873                                          [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                              [::]:80                                           [::]:*                  
LISTEN      0      128                              [::]:22

3. 客户端安装
给客户端插上电源，连接上网线，开机
在这里插入图片描述
选择下一个系统回车就开始装机

进入了系统

4. 定制安装
定制安装步骤：

统计服务器mac地址
配置cobbler
安装
统计mac地址此处就不赘述了，直接最重要的配置
在 cobbler 的web界面上配置：
在这里插入图片描述

同步配置并重启相关服务：

[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2020-07-29_132141_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Wed Jul 29 13:21:41 2020)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/01-00-16-3e-44-25-eb
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/01-00-16-3E-44-25-EB
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/01-00-16-3e-44-25-eb
generating: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/01-00-16-3E-44-25-EB
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS-7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for CentOS-7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: CentOS-7-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***



[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart xinetd