点与向量

点的定义

struct Point{
    double x,y;
    Point(double x=0,double y=0):x(x),y(y){}
};

向量的定义

typedef Point Vector;

运算

加减乘除

Point operator + (Point A,Point B){
    return Point(A.x+B.x,A.y+B.y);
}

Point operator - (Point A,Point B){
    return Point(A.x-B.x,A.y-B.y);
}

Point operator * (Point A,double p){
    return Point(A.x*p,A.y*p);
}

Point operator / (Point A,double p){
    return Point(A.x/p,A.y/p);
}

小于

首先按照$x$ 坐标升序排序，再按照$y$坐标升序排序

bool operator < (const Point& a,const Point& b){
    if(a.x!=b.x) return a.x<b.x;
    return a.y<b.y;
}

等于

bool operator == (const Point& a,const Point& b){
    if(fabs(a.x-b.x)<eps && fabs(a.y-b.y)<eps) return true;
    return false;
}

内积

$\alpha \cdot \beta =|\alpha ||\beta |cos\theta$
几何意义为向量$\alpha$在向量$\beta$下的投影与$\beta$长度的乘积

double Dot(Vector A,Vector B){
    return A.x*B.x+A.y*B.y;
}

外积

$\alpha \times \beta =|\alpha ||\beta |sin\theta$
几何意义为以向量$\alpha$和向量$\beta$为邻边构成的平行四边形的面积

double Cross(Point A,Point B){
    return A.x*B.y-A.y*B.x;
}

常用函数

取模（向量长度）

double Length(Vector A){
    return sqrt(Dot(A,A));
}

两个向量弧度制下的夹角

double Rad(Point A,Point B){
    return fabs(atan2(fabs(Cross(a,b)),Dot(a,b)));
}

向量A绕着P点逆时针旋转rad角度之后的向量

Point Rotate(Point A,Point P,double angle){
    Point v=A-P;
    double c=cos(angle),s=sin(angle);
    return Point(p.x+v.x*c-v.y*s,p.y+v.x*s+v.y*c);
}