PorterDuffXfermode的初级使用

一、关于PorterDuffXfermode

java.lang.Object
↳	android.graphics.Xfermode
	↳	android.graphics.PorterDuffXfermode

PorterDuffXfermode继承自Xfermode是个简单图像合成类，源码中位于graphics下。当图像交叉绘制时，可通过PorterDuffXfermode指定Paint的绘制规则，从而达到图像的合成效果。

与常见的类命名方式不同，PorterDuffXfermode中Porter，Duff指的是Thomas Porter和Tom Duff以及其发表于1984年论文《Compositing digital images》(该论文可在ACM Digital Library上花费15美元购得， 详见https://dl.acm.org/purchase.cfm?id=808606&CFID=486449268&CFTOKEN=73298988)

关于PorterDuffXfermode的使用，可以参见API Demos中在Xfermodes.java。

Xfermodes.java源码如下:

public class Xfermodes extends Activity {

    // create a bitmap with a circle, used for the "dst" image
    static Bitmap makeDst(int w, int h) {
        Bitmap bm = Bitmap.createBitmap(w, h, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
        Canvas c = new Canvas(bm);
        Paint p = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);

        p.setColor(0xFFFFCC44);
        c.drawOval(new RectF(0, 0, w * 3 / 4, h * 3 / 4), p);
        return bm;
    }

    // create a bitmap with a rect, used for the "src" image
    static Bitmap makeSrc(int w, int h) {
        Bitmap bm = Bitmap.createBitmap(w, h, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
        Canvas c = new Canvas(bm);
        Paint p = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);

        p.setColor(0xFF66AAFF);
        c.drawRect(w / 3, h / 3, w * 19 / 20, h * 19 / 20, p);
        return bm;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        this.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
        setContentView(new SampleView(this));
    }

    private static class SampleView extends View {
        private static final int W = 64;
        private static final int H = 64;
        private static final int ROW_MAX = 4;   // number of samples per row

        private Bitmap mSrcB;
        private Bitmap mDstB;
        private Shader mBG;     // background checker-board pattern

        private static final Xfermode[] sModes = {
                new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.CLEAR),
                new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.SRC),
                new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.DST),
                new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.SRC_OVER),
                new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.DST_OVER),
                new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.SRC_IN),
                new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.DST_IN),
                new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.SRC_OUT),
                new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.DST_OUT),
                new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.SRC_ATOP),
                new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.DST_ATOP),
                new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.XOR),
                new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.DARKEN),
                new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.LIGHTEN),
                new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.MULTIPLY),
                new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.SCREEN)
        };

        private static final String[] sLabels = {
                "Clear", "Src", "Dst", "SrcOver",
                "DstOver", "SrcIn", "DstIn", "SrcOut",
                "DstOut", "SrcATop", "DstATop", "Xor",
                "Darken", "Lighten", "Multiply", "Screen"
        };

        public SampleView(Context context) {
            super(context);

            mSrcB = makeSrc(W, H);
            mDstB = makeDst(W, H);

            // make a ckeckerboard pattern
            Bitmap bm = Bitmap.createBitmap(new int[]{0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFCCCCCC,
                            0xFFCCCCCC, 0xFFFFFFFF}, 2, 2,
                    Bitmap.Config.RGB_565);
            mBG = new BitmapShader(bm,
                    Shader.TileMode.REPEAT,
                    Shader.TileMode.REPEAT);
            Matrix m = new Matrix();
            m.setScale(6, 6);
            mBG.setLocalMatrix(m);
        }

        @Override
        protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
            canvas.drawColor(Color.WHITE);

            Paint labelP = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
            labelP.setTextAlign(Paint.Align.CENTER);

            Paint paint = new Paint();
            paint.setFilterBitmap(false);

            canvas.translate(15, 35);

            int x = 0;
            int y = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < sModes.length; i++) {
                // draw the border
                paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
                paint.setShader(null);
                canvas.drawRect(x - 0.5f, y - 0.5f,
                        x + W + 0.5f, y + H + 0.5f, paint);

                // draw the checker-board pattern
                paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
                paint.setShader(mBG);
                canvas.drawRect(x, y, x + W, y + H, paint);

                // draw the src/dst example into our offscreen bitmap
                int sc = canvas.saveLayer(x, y, x + W, y + H, null,
                        Canvas.MATRIX_SAVE_FLAG |
                                Canvas.CLIP_SAVE_FLAG |
                                Canvas.HAS_ALPHA_LAYER_SAVE_FLAG |
                                Canvas.FULL_COLOR_LAYER_SAVE_FLAG |
                                Canvas.CLIP_TO_LAYER_SAVE_FLAG);
                canvas.translate(x, y);
                canvas.drawBitmap(mDstB, 0, 0, paint);//yellow
                paint.setXfermode(sModes[i]);
                canvas.drawBitmap(mSrcB, 0, 0, paint);//blue
                paint.setXfermode(null);
                canvas.restoreToCount(sc);

                // draw the label
                canvas.drawText(sLabels[i],
                        x + W / 2, y - labelP.getTextSize() / 2, labelP);

                x += W + 10;

                // wrap around when we've drawn enough for one row
                if ((i % ROW_MAX) == ROW_MAX - 1) {
                    x = 0;
                    y += H + 30;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

运行结果：

从效果图中可以看出2个图像的重叠绘制可产生16种效果，这16个参数定义在PorterDuff中，以下是PorterDuff.java的源码：

public class PorterDuff {

    // these value must match their native equivalents. See SkPorterDuff.h
    public enum Mode {
        /** [0, 0] */
        CLEAR       (0),
        /** [Sa, Sc] */
        SRC         (1),
        /** [Da, Dc] */
        DST         (2),
        /** [Sa + (1 - Sa)*Da, Rc = Sc + (1 - Sa)*Dc] */
        SRC_OVER    (3),
        /** [Sa + (1 - Sa)*Da, Rc = Dc + (1 - Da)*Sc] */
        DST_OVER    (4),
        /** [Sa * Da, Sc * Da] */
        SRC_IN      (5),
        /** [Sa * Da, Sa * Dc] */
        DST_IN      (6),
        /** [Sa * (1 - Da), Sc * (1 - Da)] */
        SRC_OUT     (7),
        /** [Da * (1 - Sa), Dc * (1 - Sa)] */
        DST_OUT     (8),
        /** [Da, Sc * Da + (1 - Sa) * Dc] */
        SRC_ATOP    (9),
        /** [Sa, Sa * Dc + Sc * (1 - Da)] */
        DST_ATOP    (10),
        /** [Sa + Da - 2 * Sa * Da, Sc * (1 - Da) + (1 - Sa) * Dc] */
        XOR         (11),
        /** [Sa + Da - Sa*Da,
             Sc*(1 - Da) + Dc*(1 - Sa) + min(Sc, Dc)] */
        DARKEN      (12),
        /** [Sa + Da - Sa*Da,
             Sc*(1 - Da) + Dc*(1 - Sa) + max(Sc, Dc)] */
        LIGHTEN     (13),
        /** [Sa * Da, Sc * Dc] */
        MULTIPLY    (14),
        /** [Sa + Da - Sa * Da, Sc + Dc - Sc * Dc] */
        SCREEN      (15),
        /** Saturate(S + D) */
        ADD         (16),
        OVERLAY     (17);

        Mode(int nativeInt) {
            this.nativeInt = nativeInt;
        }

        /**
         * @hide
         */
        public final int nativeInt;
    }
}

二、使用PorterDuffXfermode

通过PorterDuffXfermode通过2层图像的叠加绘制可快速实现类似易信中更换用户头像的遮罩view(灰色的遮罩层，内含圆形的头像选择框)：

具体的实现是在Paint中通过setXfermode()设置

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>xfermode = new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.SRC_IN);

        mPaint = new Paint();
        mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>mPaint.setXfermode(xfermode);

完整源码如下：

/**
 * Created by Farble on 2015/2/3.
 */
public class CoverView extends View {
    private Paint mPaint;
    private Bitmap mBg;/*background bitmap*/
    private Bitmap mCircle;/*circle bitmap*/
    private PorterDuffXfermode xfermode;

    private float mScanbox;
    private int mStatrX;
    private int mStatrY;

    public CoverView(Context context) {
        super(context);
        init();
    }

    public CoverView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        init();
    }

    public CoverView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyle);
        init();
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    private void init() {
        mScanbox = getContext().getResources().getDimension(R.dimen.circle_d);
        WindowManager manager = (WindowManager) getContext().getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
        int width = manager.getDefaultDisplay().getWidth();
        mStatrX = width / 2 - (int) mScanbox / 2;
        mStatrY = (int) getContext().getResources().getDimension(R.dimen.circle_totop);

        mBg = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.test_bgr);
        mCircle = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.test_circle);
        xfermode = new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.SRC_IN);

        mPaint = new Paint();
        mPaint.setAntiAlias(true);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        super.onDraw(canvas);
        mPaint.setFilterBitmap(false);
        int sc = canvas.saveLayer(0, 0, canvas.getWidth(), canvas.getHeight(), null,
                Canvas.MATRIX_SAVE_FLAG |
                        Canvas.CLIP_SAVE_FLAG |
                        Canvas.HAS_ALPHA_LAYER_SAVE_FLAG |
                        Canvas.FULL_COLOR_LAYER_SAVE_FLAG |
                        Canvas.CLIP_TO_LAYER_SAVE_FLAG);

        canvas.drawBitmap(mBg, 0, 0, mPaint);
        mPaint.setXfermode(xfermode);//设置MODE
        canvas.drawBitmap(mCircle, mStatrX, mStatrY, mPaint);
        mPaint.setXfermode(null);//清空MODE
        canvas.restoreToCount(sc);
    }
}

注意点：

1.这里的test_bgr.png是一张中间透明圆，边角全黑的图片

2.若灰色的遮罩图层由代码生成，类似使用以下方法时：

 private Bitmap makeBitmap(int mwidth, int mheight, int resource, int staX, int staY) {
        Bitmap bm = Bitmap.createBitmap(mwidth, mheight, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888);
        Canvas c = new Canvas(bm);
        Paint p = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);

        p.setColor(resource);
        c.drawRect(staX, staY, mwidth, mheight, p);
        return bm;
    }

特别注意应建议使用 Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888，之前做项目时为节约内存使用了Bitmap.Config.RGB_565，导致一直达不到效果并且找不出原因。

优点：

1. 与传统的全面绘制来实现圆形的头像相比，通过这种方式使代码更简洁易懂
2. 通过这种方式可实现多种形状的头像，如梅花型，心型（只需美工那边提供相应的遮罩图片即可）
3. 通过此方式实现的圆形头像不存在锯齿的问题（遮罩图像由美工提供，完全可以做到抗锯齿）