钙钛矿太阳能电池的稳定性：文献概述、最佳实践和所需工具

  

Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells: An Overview of the Literature, Best Practices, and Tools Needed

  

The stability of perovskite solar cells has been a major challenge in recent years. At the beginning of the development of this technology, the battery barely lasted an hour under continuous testing, but progress has been steadily progressing. Today, researchers are aiming for a baseline of 1,000 hours [1], during which the battery retains 80% of its initial performance, known as T80 stability. While this is a positive step forward, more work needs to be done to achieve the long-term goal of 20-25 year stability, which will make perovskite PV competitive with silicon solar technology.

Figure 1 Perovskite solar cells aging under MPP under continuous light

Understanding the stability of perovskite solar cells is a complex issue, not just tracking the maximum power point (MPP) under constant illumination. Achieving long-term reliability requires deeper research and innovation in multiple aspects of this technology. To understand this, let's first break down what it really means.

Figure 2 Intrinsic and extrinsic stress sources affecting the stability of perovskite solar cells.

Stability is affected by a variety of stress sources, both intrinsic (from inside the material) and extrinsic (from the environment) (Figure 2). Extrinsic stressors mainly include oxygen and humidity. The intensity of each stressor is different. For example, the light can range from dark to full sunlight, simulating outdoor conditions. Electrical biases can be reversed to maximum power point (MPP) and everything in between. Humidity ranges from 0 to 85% and even more extreme test conditions.

The challenge is to combine these stress sources to create the right test environment that simulates real-world conditions and helps us better understand and improve stability. To this end, we have developed protocols that provide a framework for reliable stress comparisons.

  

图 3.为工业界 （IEC） 和学术界 （ISOS） 太阳能电池测试而开发的两种协议框架 

用于钙钛矿太阳能电池的两组主要协议是 IEC 和 ISOS。两者都旨在提供可重现和可比较的结果，将应力条件与器件特性相结合。特性分析通常包括至少一个 JV（电流-电压）测量，以评估器件的功率转换效率 （PCE）。这两种协议之间有一个关键区别：IEC 协议（图 4）是为测试硅太阳能电池而开发的，它们利用了工业研究实验室中可用的测试工具。另一方面，ISOS 协议是由从事技术早期开发的学术研究人员分组的指南。它们最初被提议用于有机太阳能电池的测试，并扩展到钙钛矿太阳能电池的情况。