opengl学习2

着色器

一般编程是顶点着色器。片段着色器。然后把这两个链接一下。
可以写成一个着色器类

#ifndef SHADER_H
#define SHADER_H

#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <GL/glew.h>

class Shader
{
public:
    GLuint Program;
    // Constructor generates the shader on the fly
    Shader(const GLchar* vertexPath, const GLchar* fragmentPath)
    {
        // 1. Retrieve the vertex/fragment source code from filePath
        std::string vertexCode;
        std::string fragmentCode;
        std::ifstream vShaderFile;
        std::ifstream fShaderFile;
        // ensures ifstream objects can throw exceptions:
        vShaderFile.exceptions(std::ifstream::badbit);
        fShaderFile.exceptions(std::ifstream::badbit);
        try
        {
            // Open files
            vShaderFile.open(vertexPath);
            fShaderFile.open(fragmentPath);
            std::stringstream vShaderStream, fShaderStream;
            // Read file's buffer contents into streams
            vShaderStream << vShaderFile.rdbuf();
            fShaderStream << fShaderFile.rdbuf();
            // close file handlers
            vShaderFile.close();
            fShaderFile.close();
            // Convert stream into string
            vertexCode = vShaderStream.str();
            fragmentCode = fShaderStream.str();
        }
        catch (std::ifstream::failure e)
        {
            std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FILE_NOT_SUCCESFULLY_READ" << std::endl;
        }
        const GLchar* vShaderCode = vertexCode.c_str();
        const GLchar * fShaderCode = fragmentCode.c_str();
        // 2. Compile shaders
        GLuint vertex, fragment;
        GLint success;
        GLchar infoLog[512];
        // Vertex Shader
        vertex = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
        glShaderSource(vertex, 1, &vShaderCode, NULL);
        glCompileShader(vertex);
        // Print compile errors if any
        glGetShaderiv(vertex, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
        if (!success)
        {
            glGetShaderInfoLog(vertex, 512, NULL, infoLog);
            std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::VERTEX::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
        }
        // Fragment Shader
        fragment = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
        glShaderSource(fragment, 1, &fShaderCode, NULL);
        glCompileShader(fragment);
        // Print compile errors if any
        glGetShaderiv(fragment, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
        if (!success)
        {
            glGetShaderInfoLog(fragment, 512, NULL, infoLog);
            std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::FRAGMENT::COMPILATION_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
        }
        // Shader Program
        this->Program = glCreateProgram();
        glAttachShader(this->Program, vertex);
        glAttachShader(this->Program, fragment);
        glLinkProgram(this->Program);
        // Print linking errors if any
        glGetProgramiv(this->Program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
        if (!success)
        {
            glGetProgramInfoLog(this->Program, 512, NULL, infoLog);
            std::cout << "ERROR::SHADER::PROGRAM::LINKING_FAILED\n" << infoLog << std::endl;
        }
        // Delete the shaders as they're linked into our program now and no longer necessery
        glDeleteShader(vertex);
        glDeleteShader(fragment);

    }
    // Uses the current shader
    void Use()
    {
        glUseProgram(this->Program);
    }
};

#endif

使用时类似这样

 Shader ourShader("G:\\LearnOpenGLCN\\Project1\\x64\\Release\\shader.vs", "G:\\LearnOpenGLCN\\Project1\\x64\\Release\\shader.frag");

在gl循环中调用

ourShader.Use();

着色器语言

叫glsl
shader.vs

#version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 position;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 color;

out vec3 ourColor;

void main()
{
    gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0f);
    ourColor = color;
}

shader.frag

#version 330 core
in vec3 ourColor;

out vec4 color;

void main()
{
    color = vec4(ourColor, 1.0f);
}

例如上面的两个着色器

#version 330 core
声明glsl的语言版本，一般要与glfw版本匹配

vecn是一种类型声明

类型	含义
vecn	包含n个float分量的默认向量
bvecn	包含n个bool分量的向量
ivecn	包含n个int分量的向量
uvecn	包含n个unsigned int分量的向量
dvecn	包含n个double分量的向量

其中n是可变的

着色器之间交流有输入和输出
关键字是 in 和 out
in代表从外部输入的
out代表需要输出的

比如上面ourColor就是从shader.vs传到shader.frag的 需要注意的是，他们的变量名需要一致

layout (location = 0)设定了输入变量的位置值，这个位置值是我们规定的,通过glEnableVertexAttribArray();

比如这样的顶点数组

GLfloat vertices[] = {
        // 位置              // 颜色
         0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,  1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,   // 右下
        -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,  0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,   // 左下
         0.0f,  0.5f, 0.0f,  0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f    // 顶部
    };

前三个是位置，后三个是颜色

GLuint VBO, VAO;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
    // Bind the Vertex Array Object first, then bind and set vertex buffer(s) and attribute pointer(s).
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    // 颜色属性
    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(GLfloat), (GLvoid*)(3 * sizeof(GLfloat)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); // Note that this is allowed, the call to glVertexAttribPointer registered VBO as the currently bound vertex buffer object so afterwards we can safely unbind

    glBindVertexArray(0); // Unbind VAO (it's always a good thing to unbind any buffer/array to prevent strange bugs)

glBufferData,将顶点数据初始化到缓冲，后面会有个地方使用glUseProgram正式在着色器中编译这些数据。glDrawArray正式绘制
通过glVertexAttribPointer分割，通过glEnableVertexAttribArray规定

uniform一个比较特殊的关键字
Uniform是一种从CPU中的应用向GPU中的着色器发送数据的方式，但uniform和顶点属性有些不同。首先，uniform是全局的(Global)。全局意味着uniform变量必须在每个着色器程序对象中都是独一无二的，而且它可以被着色器程序的任意着色器在任意阶段访问。第二，无论你把uniform值设置成什么，uniform会一直保存它们的数据，直到它们被重置或更新。

#version 330 core
out vec4 color;

uniform vec4 ourColor; // 在OpenGL程序代码中设定这个变量

void main()
{
    color = ourColor;
}  

那代码中怎么改变这个值呢

比如这样随时间改变颜色

GLfloat timeValue = glfwGetTime();
GLfloat greenValue = (sin(timeValue) / 2) + 0.5;
GLint vertexColorLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shaderProgram, "ourColor");
glUseProgram(shaderProgram);
glUniform4f(vertexColorLocation, 0.0f, greenValue, 0.0f, 1.0f);

用glGetUniformLocation在 链接顶点着色器和片段的着色器的程序着色器中找到我们定义的uniform，然后给他赋值，需要注意的是一定要在glUseProgram后面给他赋值。