视频笔记-Uniy官方教程Tanks-摄像机控制及坦克血条-P3~P4

Unity 官方教学链接
B站双语机翻链接

3 摄像机控制

• 新建空物体 CameraRig，位于原点，旋转 (40, 60, 0)
• 将 Main Camera 作为 CameraRig 的子物体
• 修改 Main Camera 的位置 (0, 0, -65)，旋转 (0, 0, 0)
• 为 CameraRig 添加脚本 CameraControl.cs，代码如下：

using UnityEngine;

public class CameraControl : MonoBehaviour
{
    // 相机移动的延时
    public float m_DampTime = 0.2f;          
    // 屏幕四周的缓冲，防止坦克压在屏幕的边缘       
    public float m_ScreenEdgeBuffer = 4f;  
    // 相机景观的最小尺寸     
    public float m_MinSize = 6.5f;                  
    // [HideInInspector]
    public Transform[] m_Targets; 


    private Camera m_Camera;                        
    private float m_ZoomSpeed;                      
    private Vector3 m_MoveVelocity;     
    // 相机试图触及的位置，应该在所有坦克的中间
    private Vector3 m_DesiredPosition;              


    private void Awake()
    {
        m_Camera = GetComponentInChildren<Camera>();
    }


    private void FixedUpdate()
    {
        Move();
        Zoom();
    }


    private void Move()
    {
        FindAveragePosition();
        // SmoothDamp 用于平滑移动
        transform.position = Vector3.SmoothDamp(transform.position, m_DesiredPosition, ref m_MoveVelocity, m_DampTime);
    }


    private void FindAveragePosition()
    {
        Vector3 averagePos = new Vector3();
        int numTargets = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < m_Targets.Length; i++)
        {
            if (!m_Targets[i].gameObject.activeSelf)
                continue;

            averagePos += m_Targets[i].position;
            numTargets++;
        }

        if (numTargets > 0)
            averagePos /= numTargets;

        averagePos.y = transform.position.y;

        m_DesiredPosition = averagePos;
    }


    private void Zoom()
    {
        float requiredSize = FindRequiredSize();
        m_Camera.orthographicSize = Mathf.SmoothDamp(m_Camera.orthographicSize, requiredSize, ref m_ZoomSpeed, m_DampTime);
    }


    private float FindRequiredSize()
    {
        Vector3 desiredLocalPos = transform.InverseTransformPoint(m_DesiredPosition);

        float size = 0f;

        for (int i = 0; i < m_Targets.Length; i++)
        {
            if (!m_Targets[i].gameObject.activeSelf)
                continue;

            Vector3 targetLocalPos = transform.InverseTransformPoint(m_Targets[i].position);

            Vector3 desiredPosToTarget = targetLocalPos - desiredLocalPos;

            size = Mathf.Max (size, Mathf.Abs (desiredPosToTarget.y));

            size = Mathf.Max (size, Mathf.Abs (desiredPosToTarget.x) / m_Camera.aspect);
        }
        
        size += m_ScreenEdgeBuffer;

        size = Mathf.Max(size, m_MinSize);

        return size;
    }


    public void SetStartPositionAndSize()
    {
        FindAveragePosition();

        transform.position = m_DesiredPosition;

        m_Camera.orthographicSize = FindRequiredSize();
    }
}

---

接着在 CameraRig 中，通过拖动将 Tank 添加到 Targets 数组中。（需要在代码中注释掉[HideInInspector]）

可以测试发现实现了相机跟随。

4 坦克血条

4.1 制作血条的 UI 外观

• 将编辑器顶部调整为 Pivot | Local
• 添加物体 Slider
  
  
  调整 Canvas 的位置和大小，使之出现在 Tank 底部
  
  
  
  
  

为 HealthSlider 添加脚本 UIDirectionControl.cs，作用是在坦克旋转时让血条不要跟着旋转，代码如下：

using UnityEngine;

public class UIDirectionControl : MonoBehaviour
{
    public bool m_UseRelativeRotation = true;  


    private Quaternion m_RelativeRotation;     


    private void Start()
    {
        m_RelativeRotation = transform.parent.localRotation;
    }


    private void Update()
    {
        if (m_UseRelativeRotation)
            transform.rotation = m_RelativeRotation;
    }
}

4.2 添加爆炸效果

为预制体 TankExplosion 添加音效

为 Tank 添加脚本 TankHealth.cs，代码如下：

using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;

public class TankHealth : MonoBehaviour
{
    public float m_StartingHealth = 100f;          
    public Slider m_Slider;                        
    public Image m_FillImage;                      
    public Color m_FullHealthColor = Color.green;  
    public Color m_ZeroHealthColor = Color.red;    
    public GameObject m_ExplosionPrefab;
    
    
    private AudioSource m_ExplosionAudio;          
    private ParticleSystem m_ExplosionParticles;   
    private float m_CurrentHealth;  
    private bool m_Dead;            


    private void Awake()
    {
        m_ExplosionParticles = Instantiate(m_ExplosionPrefab).GetComponent<ParticleSystem>();
        m_ExplosionAudio = m_ExplosionParticles.GetComponent<AudioSource>();

        m_ExplosionParticles.gameObject.SetActive(false);
    }


    private void OnEnable()
    {
        m_CurrentHealth = m_StartingHealth;
        m_Dead = false;

        SetHealthUI();
    }
    

    public void TakeDamage(float amount)
    {
        // Adjust the tank's current health, update the UI based on the new health and check whether or not the tank is dead.
        m_CurrentHealth -= amount;

        SetHealthUI();

        if (m_CurrentHealth <= 0f && !m_Dead)
        {
            OnDeath();
        }
    }


    private void SetHealthUI()
    {
        // Adjust the value and colour of the slider.
        m_Slider.value = m_CurrentHealth;

        m_FillImage.color = Color.Lerp(m_ZeroHealthColor, m_FullHealthColor, m_CurrentHealth / m_StartingHealth);
    }


    private void OnDeath()
    {
        // Play the effects for the death of the tank and deactivate it.
        m_Dead = true;

        m_ExplosionParticles.transform.position = transform.position;
        m_ExplosionParticles.gameObject.SetActive(true);

        m_ExplosionParticles.Play();

        m_ExplosionAudio.Play();

        gameObject.SetActive(false);
    }
}

然后为编辑器中脚本的公共变量赋上合适的对象：

现在我们的坦克拥有血条以及爆炸、死亡效果了！