Gralloc模块是从Android Eclair(android 2.1)开始加入的一个HAL模块,Gralloc的含义为是Graphics Alloc(图形分配)。他对上为libui提供服务,为其分配显存,刷新显示等。对下对framebuffer进行管理。
gralloc代码通常位于hardware/libhardware/modules/gralloc目录下。包含以下几个文件:
Android.mk framebuffer.cpp gralloc.cpp gralloc_priv.h gr.h mapper.cpp
另外,与其相关的头文件位于hardware/libhardware/include/hardware,涉及fb.h和gralloc.h。
下面从gralloc的调用开始学习gralloc的代码。代码基于android4.4。
gralloc的调用是从FramebufferNativeWindow.cpp的构造函数开始的。FramebufferNativeWindow实现FrameBuffer的管理,它主要被SurfaceFlinger使用,也可以被OpenGL Native程序使用。在本质上,它在Framebuffer之上实现了一个ANativeWindow,目前它只管理两个buffers:front and back buffer。
如下所示(FramebufferNativeWindow.cpp):
FramebufferNativeWindow::FramebufferNativeWindow()
: BASE(), fbDev(0), grDev(0), mUpdateOnDemand(false)
{
hw_module_t const* module;
if (hw_get_module(GRALLOC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, &module) == 0) {
int stride;
int err;
int i;
err = framebuffer_open(module, &fbDev);
ALOGE_IF(err, "couldn't open framebuffer HAL (%s)", strerror(-err));
err = gralloc_open(module, &grDev);
ALOGE_IF(err, "couldn't open gralloc HAL (%s)", strerror(-err));
// bail out if we can't initialize the modules
if (!fbDev || !grDev)
return;
mUpdateOnDemand = (fbDev->setUpdateRect != 0);
// initialize the buffer FIFO
if(fbDev->numFramebuffers >= MIN_NUM_FRAME_BUFFERS &&
fbDev->numFramebuffers <= MAX_NUM_FRAME_BUFFERS){ mNumBuffers = fbDev->numFramebuffers;
} else {
mNumBuffers = MIN_NUM_FRAME_BUFFERS;
}
mNumFreeBuffers = mNumBuffers;
mBufferHead = mNumBuffers-1;
/*
* This does not actually change the framebuffer format. It merely
* fakes this format to surfaceflinger so that when it creates
* framebuffer surfaces it will use this format. It's really a giant
* HACK to allow interworking with buggy gralloc+GPU driver
* implementations. You should *NEVER* need to set this for shipping
* devices.
*/
#ifdef FRAMEBUFFER_FORCE_FORMAT
*((uint32_t *)&fbDev->format) = FRAMEBUFFER_FORCE_FORMAT;
#endif
for (i = 0; i < mNumBuffers; i++) { buffers[i] = new NativeBuffer( fbDev->width, fbDev->height, fbDev->format, GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_FB);
}
for (i = 0; i < mNumBuffers; i++) { err = grDev->alloc(grDev,
fbDev->width, fbDev->height, fbDev->format,
GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_FB, &buffers[i]->handle, &buffers[i]->stride);
ALOGE_IF(err, "fb buffer %d allocation failed w=%d, h=%d, err=%s",
i, fbDev->width, fbDev->height, strerror(-err));
if (err)
{
mNumBuffers = i;
mNumFreeBuffers = i;
mBufferHead = mNumBuffers-1;
break;
}
}
const_cast<uint32_t&>(ANativeWindow::flags) = fbDev->flags;
const_cast<float&>(ANativeWindow::xdpi) = fbDev->xdpi;
const_cast<float&>(ANativeWindow::ydpi) = fbDev->ydpi;
const_cast<int&>(ANativeWindow::minSwapInterval) =
fbDev->minSwapInterval;
const_cast<int&>(ANativeWindow::maxSwapInterval) =
fbDev->maxSwapInterval;
} else {
ALOGE("Couldn't get gralloc module");
}
ANativeWindow::setSwapInterval = setSwapInterval;
ANativeWindow::dequeueBuffer = dequeueBuffer;
ANativeWindow::queueBuffer = queueBuffer;
ANativeWindow::query = query;
ANativeWindow::perform = perform;
ANativeWindow::dequeueBuffer_DEPRECATED = dequeueBuffer_DEPRECATED;
ANativeWindow::lockBuffer_DEPRECATED = lockBuffer_DEPRECATED;
ANativeWindow::queueBuffer_DEPRECATED = queueBuffer_DEPRECATED;
}
这里会先根据gralloc的module ID来得到hw_module_t结构。hw_get_module->hw_get_module_by_class。在hw_get_module_by_class里面,首先根据平台配置找到gralloc动态库的位置,默认使用gralloc.default.so。
参见以下代码(hardware.c):
for (i=0 ; i<HAL_VARIANT_KEYS_COUNT+1 ; i++) {
if (i < HAL_VARIANT_KEYS_COUNT) {
if (property_get(variant_keys[i], prop, NULL) == 0) {
continue;
}
snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s.%s.so",
HAL_LIBRARY_PATH2, name, prop);
if (access(path, R_OK) == 0) break;
snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s.%s.so",
HAL_LIBRARY_PATH1, name, prop);
if (access(path, R_OK) == 0) break;
} else {
snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s.default.so",
HAL_LIBRARY_PATH2, name);
if (access(path, R_OK) == 0) break;
snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s.default.so",
HAL_LIBRARY_PATH1, name);
if (access(path, R_OK) == 0) break;
}
}
status = -ENOENT;
if (i < HAL_VARIANT_KEYS_COUNT+1) {
/* load the module, if this fails, we're doomed, and we should not try
* to load a different variant. */
status = load(class_id, path, module);
}
找到gralloc库的路径后,会调用load函数,在load函数中使用dlopen打开找到的库,并根据HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM_AS_STR(其值为HMI)获取到hw_module_t(即HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM)结构体指针,以及把dlopen返回的handle保存在hw_module_t中。而hw_module_t HMI
结构是一个全局结构,在gralloc.cpp中已经得到初始化了。这也是为什么每一个HAL模块都要定义并初始化一个名字为HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM的hw_module_t结构
struct private_module_t HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM = {
base: {
common: {
tag: HARDWARE_MODULE_TAG,
version_major: 1,
version_minor: 0,
id: GRALLOC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID,
name: "Graphics Memory Allocator Module",
author: "The Android Open Source Project",
methods: &gralloc_module_methods
},
registerBuffer: gralloc_register_buffer,
unregisterBuffer: gralloc_unregister_buffer,
lock: gralloc_lock,
unlock: gralloc_unlock,
},
framebuffer: 0,
flags: 0,
numBuffers: 0,
bufferMask: 0,
lock: PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
currentBuffer: 0,
};
回过头,回到FramebufferNativeWindow的构造函数出,接下来调用了err = framebuffer_open(module, &fbDev);framebuffer_open定义在fb.h中,是一个inline函数,其实最终调用了就是上面结构体中初始化的open函数,open函数指向gralloc_device_open,其实现为(gralloc.cpp):
int gralloc_device_open(const hw_module_t* module, const char* name, hw_device_t** device)
{
int status = -EI