指针的安全转化dynamic_cast

注意：基类指针不可以转化为派生类指针！！！

通常人的做法都是直接强制转化，那样实际上是不安全的。可以先看一下这个博客的讲解，然后再看我下面的代码

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4eaff3e10101jope.html

#include<iostream>
#include<ctime>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class C1
{
public:
	C1(int h) :hold(h) {}
	virtual void Speak()const
	{
		cout << "这是C1类" << endl;
	}
	virtual int Value() const
	{
		return hold;
	}
private:
	int hold;
};
class C2 :public C1
{
public:
	C2(int h) :C1(h) {}
	void Speak()const 
	{
		cout << "这是C2类" << endl; 
	}
	virtual void Say()const
	{
		cout << "C2类中hold的值为" << Value() << endl;
	}
};
class C3 :public C2
{
public :
	C3(int h, char c) :C2(h), ch(c) {}
	void Speak()const
	{
		cout << "这是C3类" << endl;
	}
	void Say()const
	{
		cout << "C3类中hold的值为" << Value() <<"   ch 等于 "<<ch<< endl;
	}
private:
	char ch;
};
C1 *Get();
int main()
{
	srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
	C1 *c1;
	C2 *c2;
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		c1 = Get();
		c1->Speak();
		if (c2 = dynamic_cast<C2*>(c1))//安全的转化指针，如果转化不成功，则为NULL
			c2->Say();
	}
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}
C1 *Get()
{
	C1 *p;
	switch (rand() % 3)
	{
	case 0:
		p = new C1(rand() % 100);
		break;
	case 1:
		p = new C2(rand() % 100);
		break;
	case 2:
		p = new C3(rand() % 100,'A'+rand()%26);
		break;
	}
	return p;
}