单例模式精讲

源码已经上传在我的码云
有问题或者有更好的实现、欢迎给我留言、不胜感激

一个最普通的写法

网上最常见的一种写法

public class Single1 {
    private static Single1 instance;

    private Single1() {

    }

    public static Single1 getInstance() {
        if (instance == null) {
            instance = new Single1();
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

发现问题

这种写法在单线程或者自己写测试的时候 一般不会遇到问题，但是在服务器遇到高并发的情况下 则会出现问题。

---

假如说 构造方法的耗时比较长

private Single1() {
         try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread("线程1") {
            public void run() {
                System.out.println(Single1.getInstance());
            };
        }.start();

        new Thread("线程2") {
            public void run() {
                System.out.println(Single1.getInstance());
            };
        }.start();
    }

测试的时候 便会发现这是俩不同的对象

解决问题

private static Single instance;

    private Single() {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static Single getInstance() {
        if (instance == null) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "判断 == null");
            synchronized (Single.class) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 开始加锁");
                instance = new Single();
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 释放锁");
            }
        }
        return instance;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread("线程1") {
            public void run() {
                System.out.println(Single.getInstance());
            };
        }.start();

        new Thread("线程2") {
            public void run() {
                System.out.println(Single.getInstance());
            };
        }.start();
    }

最开始想的解决办法是加锁
但是发现仍然是俩不同的对象

线程1判断 == null
线程1 开始加锁
线程2判断 == null
线程1 释放锁
线程2 开始加锁
com.test.Single@1ec599cd
线程2 释放锁
com.test.Single@719e4b38

通过日志可以发现，加锁创建对象的时候，线程2已经判断==null了

继续改进

public class Single {
    private static Single instance;

    private Single() {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static Single getInstance() {
        if (instance == null) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "判断 == null");
            synchronized (Single.class) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 开始加锁");
                if (instance == null) {
                    instance = new Single();
                }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 释放锁");
            }
        }
        return instance;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread("线程1") {
            public void run() {
                System.out.println(Single.getInstance());
            };
        }.start();

        new Thread("线程2") {
            public void run() {
                System.out.println(Single.getInstance());
            };
        }.start();
    }
}

这时候发现正常了

线程1判断 == null
线程1 开始加锁
线程2判断 == null
线程1 释放锁
线程2 开始加锁
线程2 释放锁
com.test.Single@52bd51dc
com.test.Single@52bd51dc

不太友好的写法3

/**
 * 不太好的写法3, 虽然没有bug 但是每次getInstance的时候都需要加锁判断
 * 
 * @author coffee<br/>
 *         2018年1月18日下午12:53:23
 */
public class Single3 {
    private static Single3 instance;

    private Single3() {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static Single3 getInstance() {
        synchronized (Single3.class) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "判断 == null");
            if (instance == null) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 开始加锁");
                instance = new Single3();
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 释放锁");
            }
        }
        return instance;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread("线程1") {
            public void run() {
                System.out.println(Single3.getInstance());
            };
        }.start();

        new Thread("线程2") {
            public void run() {
                System.out.println(Single3.getInstance());
            };
        }.start();
    }
}