28muduo_net库源码分析（四）

1.定时器

（1）muduo的定时器由三个类实现，TimerId、Timer、TimerQueue，用户只能看到第一个类，其它两个都是内部实现细节

（2）TimerQueue的接口很简单，只有两个函数addTimer和cancel

（3）EventLoop

runAt  在某个时刻运行定时器

runAfter  过一段时间运行定时器

runEvery  每隔一段时间运行定时器

cancel  取消定时器

（4）TimerQueue数据结构的选择，能快速根据当前时间找到已到期的定时器，也要高效的添加和删除Timer，因而可以用二叉搜索树，用map或者set

typedef std::pair<Timestamp, Timer*> Entry;

typedef std::set<Entry> TimerList;

2.时序图

3.lower_bound & upper_bound

#include <set>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main(void)
{
	int a[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
	set<int> s(a, a+5);

	cout<<*s.lower_bound(2)<<endl;
	cout<<*s.upper_bound(2)<<endl;
	return 0;
}

4.RVO(return value optimization)

struct Foo   
{   
	Foo() { cout << "Foo ctor" << endl; }
	Foo(const Foo&) { cout << "Foo copy ctor" << endl; }
	void operator=(const Foo&) { cout << "Foo operator=" << endl; } 
	~Foo() { cout << "Foo dtor" << endl; }
};  
Foo make_foo()   
{
	//return Foo();
	Foo f;
	return f;
}  
int main(void)
{
	make_foo();
	return 0;
}

5.代码

TimerId.h

// Copyright 2010, Shuo Chen.  All rights reserved.
// http://code.google.com/p/muduo/
//
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
// that can be found in the License file.

// Author: Shuo Chen (chenshuo at chenshuo dot com)
//
// This is a public header file, it must only include public header files.

#ifndef MUDUO_NET_TIMERID_H
#define MUDUO_NET_TIMERID_H

#include <muduo/base/copyable.h>

namespace muduo
{
namespace net
{

class Timer;

///
/// An opaque identifier, for canceling Timer.
///
class TimerId : public muduo::copyable
{
 public:
  TimerId()
    : timer_(NULL),
      sequence_(0)
  {
  }

  TimerId(Timer* timer, int64_t seq)
    : timer_(timer),
      sequence_(seq)
  {
  }

  // default copy-ctor, dtor and assignment are okay

  friend class TimerQueue;

 private:
  Timer* timer_;
  int64_t sequence_;
};

}
}

#endif  // MUDUO_NET_TIMERID_H

Timer.h

// Copyright 2010, Shuo Chen.  All rights reserved.
// http://code.google.com/p/muduo/
//
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
// that can be found in the License file.

// Author: Shuo Chen (chenshuo at chenshuo dot com)
//
// This is an internal header file, you should not include this.

#ifndef MUDUO_NET_TIMER_H
#define MUDUO_NET_TIMER_H

#include <boost/noncopyable.hpp>

#include <muduo/base/Atomic.h>
#include <muduo/base/Timestamp.h>
#include <muduo/net/Callbacks.h>

namespace muduo
{
namespace net
{
///
/// Internal class for timer event.
///
class Timer : boost::noncopyable
{
 public:
  Timer(const TimerCallback& cb, Timestamp when, double interval)
    : callback_(cb),
      expiration_(when),
      interval_(interval),
      repeat_(interval > 0.0),
      sequence_(s_numCreated_.incrementAndGet())
  { }

  void run() const
  {
    callback_();
  }

  Timestamp expiration() const  { return expiration_; }
  bool repeat() const { return repeat_; }
  int64_t sequence() const { return sequence_; }

  void restart(Timestamp now);

  static int64_t numCreated() { return s_numCreated_.get(); }

 private:
  const TimerCallback callback_;		// 定时器回调函数
  Timestamp expiration_;				// 下一次的超时时刻
  const double interval_;				// 超时时间间隔，如果是一次性定时器，该值为0
  const bool repeat_;					// 是否重复
  const int64_t sequence_;				// 定时器序号

  static AtomicInt64 s_numCreated_;		// 定时器计数，当前已经创建的定时器数量
};
}
}
#endif  // MUDUO_NET_TIMER_H

Timer.cc

// Copyright 2010, Shuo Chen.  All rights reserved.
// http://code.google.com/p/muduo/
//
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
// that can be found in the License file.

// Author: Shuo Chen (chenshuo at chenshuo dot com)

#include <muduo/net/Timer.h>

using namespace muduo;
using namespace muduo::net;

AtomicInt64 Timer::s_numCreated_;

void Timer::restart(Timestamp now)
{
  if (repeat_)
  {
    // 重新计算下一个超时时刻
    expiration_ = addTime(now, interval_);
  }
  else
  {
    expiration_ = Timestamp::invalid();
  }
}

TimerQueue.h

// Copyright 2010, Shuo Chen.  All rights reserved.
// http://code.google.com/p/muduo/
//
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
// that can be found in the License file.

// Author: Shuo Chen (chenshuo at chenshuo dot com)
//
// This is an internal header file, you should not include this.

#ifndef MUDUO_NET_TIMERQUEUE_H
#define MUDUO_NET_TIMERQUEUE_H

#include <set>
#include <vector>

#include <boost/noncopyable.hpp>

#include <muduo/base/Mutex.h>
#include <muduo/base/Timestamp.h>
#include <muduo/net/Callbacks.h>
#include <muduo/net/Channel.h>

namespace muduo
{
namespace net
{

class EventLoop;
class Timer;
class TimerId;

///
/// A best efforts timer queue.
/// No guarantee that the callback will be on time.
///
class TimerQueue : boost::noncopyable
{
 public:
  TimerQueue(EventLoop* loop);
  ~TimerQueue();

  ///
  /// Schedules the callback to be run at given time,
  /// repeats if @c interval > 0.0.
  ///
  /// Must be thread safe. Usually be called from other threads.
  // 一定是线程安全的，可以跨线程调用。通常情况下被其它线程调用。
  TimerId addTimer(const TimerCallback& cb,
                   Timestamp when,
                   double interval);

  void cancel(TimerId timerId);

 private:

  // FIXME: use unique_ptr<Timer> instead of raw pointers.
  // unique_ptr是C++ 11标准的一个独享所有权的智能指针
  // 无法得到指向同一对象的两个unique_ptr指针
  // 但可以进行移动构造与移动赋值操作，即所有权可以移动到另一个对象（而非拷贝构造）
  typedef std::pair<Timestamp, Timer*> Entry;
  typedef std::set<Entry> TimerList;
  typedef std::pair<Timer*, int64_t> ActiveTimer;
  typedef std::set<ActiveTimer> ActiveTimerSet;

  // 以下成员函数只可能在其所属的I/O线程中调用，因而不必加锁。
  // 服务器性能杀手之一是锁竞争，所以要尽可能少用锁
  void addTimerInLoop(Timer* timer);
  void cancelInLoop(TimerId timerId);
  // called when timerfd alarms
  void handleRead();
  // move out all expired timers
  // 返回超时的定时器列表
  std::vector<Entry> getExpired(Timestamp now);
  void reset(const std::vector<Entry>& expired, Timestamp now);

  bool insert(Timer* timer);

  EventLoop* loop_;		// 所属EventLoop
  const int timerfd_;
  Channel timerfdChannel_;
  // Timer list sorted by expiration
  TimerList timers_;	// timers_是按到期时间排序

  // for cancel()
  // timers_与activeTimers_保存的是相同的数据
  // timers_是按到期时间排序，activeTimers_是按对象地址排序
  ActiveTimerSet activeTimers_;
  bool callingExpiredTimers_; /* atomic */
  ActiveTimerSet cancelingTimers_;	// 保存的是被取消的定时器
};

}
}
#endif  // MUDUO_NET_TIMERQUEUE_H

TimerQueue.cc

// Copyright 2010, Shuo Chen.  All rights reserved.
// http://code.google.com/p/muduo/
//
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
// that can be found in the License file.

// Author: Shuo Chen (chenshuo at chenshuo dot com)

#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
#include <muduo/net/TimerQueue.h>

#include <muduo/base/Logging.h>
#include <muduo/net/EventLoop.h>
#include <muduo/net/Timer.h>
#include <muduo/net/TimerId.h>

#include <boost/bind.hpp>

#include <sys/timerfd.h>

namespace muduo
{
namespace net
{
namespace detail
{

// 创建定时器
int createTimerfd()
{
  int timerfd = ::timerfd_create(CLOCK_MONOTONIC,
                                 TFD_NONBLOCK | TFD_CLOEXEC);
  if (timerfd < 0)
  {
    LOG_SYSFATAL << "Failed in timerfd_create";
  }
  return timerfd;
}

// 计算超时时刻与当前时间的时间差
struct timespec howMuchTimeFromNow(Timestamp when)
{
  int64_t microseconds = when.microSecondsSinceEpoch()
                         - Timestamp::now().microSecondsSinceEpoch();
  if (microseconds < 100)
  {
    microseconds = 100;
  }
  struct timespec ts;
  ts.tv_sec = static_cast<time_t>(
      microseconds / Timestamp::kMicroSecondsPerSecond);
  ts.tv_nsec = static_cast<long>(
      (microseconds % Timestamp::kMicroSecondsPerSecond) * 1000);
  return ts;
}

// 清除定时器，避免一直触发
void readTimerfd(int timerfd, Timestamp now)
{
  uint64_t howmany;
  ssize_t n = ::read(timerfd, &howmany, sizeof howmany);
  LOG_TRACE << "TimerQueue::handleRead() " << howmany << " at " << now.toString();
  if (n != sizeof howmany)
  {
    LOG_ERROR << "TimerQueue::handleRead() reads " << n << " bytes instead of 8";
  }
}

// 重置定时器的超时时间
void resetTimerfd(int timerfd, Timestamp expiration)
{
  // wake up loop by timerfd_settime()
  struct itimerspec newValue;
  struct itimerspec oldValue;
  bzero(&newValue, sizeof newValue);
  bzero(&oldValue, sizeof oldValue);
  newValue.it_value = howMuchTimeFromNow(expiration);
  int ret = ::timerfd_settime(timerfd, 0, &newValue, &oldValue);
  if (ret)
  {
    LOG_SYSERR << "timerfd_settime()";
  }
}

}
}
}

using namespace muduo;
using namespace muduo::net;
using namespace muduo::net::detail;

TimerQueue::TimerQueue(EventLoop* loop)
  : loop_(loop),
    timerfd_(createTimerfd()),
    timerfdChannel_(loop, timerfd_),
    timers_(),
    callingExpiredTimers_(false)
{
  timerfdChannel_.setReadCallback(
      boost::bind(&TimerQueue::handleRead, this));
  // we are always reading the timerfd, we disarm it with timerfd_settime.
  timerfdChannel_.enableReading();
}

TimerQueue::~TimerQueue()
{
  ::close(timerfd_);
  // do not remove channel, since we're in EventLoop::dtor();
  for (TimerList::iterator it = timers_.begin();
      it != timers_.end(); ++it)
  {
    delete it->second;
  }
}

TimerId TimerQueue::addTimer(const TimerCallback& cb,
                             Timestamp when,
                             double interval)
{
  Timer* timer = new Timer(cb, when, interval);
  /*
  loop_->runInLoop(
      boost::bind(&TimerQueue::addTimerInLoop, this, timer));
	  */
  addTimerInLoop(timer);
  return TimerId(timer, timer->sequence());
}

void TimerQueue::cancel(TimerId timerId)
{
  /*
  loop_->runInLoop(
      boost::bind(&TimerQueue::cancelInLoop, this, timerId));
	  */
  cancelInLoop(timerId);
}

void TimerQueue::addTimerInLoop(Timer* timer)
{
  loop_->assertInLoopThread();
  // 插入一个定时器，有可能会使得最早到期的定时器发生改变
  bool earliestChanged = insert(timer);

  if (earliestChanged)
  {
    // 重置定时器的超时时刻(timerfd_settime)
    resetTimerfd(timerfd_, timer->expiration());
  }
}

void TimerQueue::cancelInLoop(TimerId timerId)
{
  loop_->assertInLoopThread();
  assert(timers_.size() == activeTimers_.size());
  ActiveTimer timer(timerId.timer_, timerId.sequence_);
  // 查找该定时器
  ActiveTimerSet::iterator it = activeTimers_.find(timer);
  if (it != activeTimers_.end())
  {
    size_t n = timers_.erase(Entry(it->first->expiration(), it->first));
    assert(n == 1); (void)n;
    delete it->first; // FIXME: no delete please,如果用了unique_ptr,这里就不需要手动删除了
    activeTimers_.erase(it);
  }
  else if (callingExpiredTimers_)
  {
    // 已经到期，并且正在调用回调函数的定时器
    cancelingTimers_.insert(timer);
  }
  assert(timers_.size() == activeTimers_.size());
}

void TimerQueue::handleRead()
{
  loop_->assertInLoopThread();
  Timestamp now(Timestamp::now());
  readTimerfd(timerfd_, now);		// 清除该事件，避免一直触发

  // 获取该时刻之前所有的定时器列表(即超时定时器列表)
  std::vector<Entry> expired = getExpired(now);

  callingExpiredTimers_ = true;
  cancelingTimers_.clear();
  // safe to callback outside critical section
  for (std::vector<Entry>::iterator it = expired.begin();
      it != expired.end(); ++it)
  {
    // 这里回调定时器处理函数
    it->second->run();
  }
  callingExpiredTimers_ = false;

  // 不是一次性定时器，需要重启
  reset(expired, now);
}

// rvo
std::vector<TimerQueue::Entry> TimerQueue::getExpired(Timestamp now)
{
  assert(timers_.size() == activeTimers_.size());
  std::vector<Entry> expired;
  Entry sentry(now, reinterpret_cast<Timer*>(UINTPTR_MAX));
  // 返回第一个未到期的Timer的迭代器
  // lower_bound的含义是返回第一个值>=sentry的元素的iterator
  // 即*end >= sentry，从而end->first > now
  TimerList::iterator end = timers_.lower_bound(sentry);
  assert(end == timers_.end() || now < end->first);
  // 将到期的定时器插入到expired中
  std::copy(timers_.begin(), end, back_inserter(expired));
  // 从timers_中移除到期的定时器
  timers_.erase(timers_.begin(), end);

  // 从activeTimers_中移除到期的定时器
  for (std::vector<Entry>::iterator it = expired.begin();
      it != expired.end(); ++it)
  {
    ActiveTimer timer(it->second, it->second->sequence());
    size_t n = activeTimers_.erase(timer);
    assert(n == 1); (void)n;
  }

  assert(timers_.size() == activeTimers_.size());
  return expired;
}

void TimerQueue::reset(const std::vector<Entry>& expired, Timestamp now)
{
  Timestamp nextExpire;

  for (std::vector<Entry>::const_iterator it = expired.begin();
      it != expired.end(); ++it)
  {
    ActiveTimer timer(it->second, it->second->sequence());
    // 如果是重复的定时器并且是未取消定时器，则重启该定时器
    if (it->second->repeat()
        && cancelingTimers_.find(timer) == cancelingTimers_.end())
    {
      it->second->restart(now);
      insert(it->second);
    }
    else
    {
      // 一次性定时器或者已被取消的定时器是不能重置的，因此删除该定时器
      // FIXME move to a free list
      delete it->second; // FIXME: no delete please
    }
  }

  if (!timers_.empty())
  {
    // 获取最早到期的定时器超时时间
    nextExpire = timers_.begin()->second->expiration();
  }

  if (nextExpire.valid())
  {
    // 重置定时器的超时时刻(timerfd_settime)
    resetTimerfd(timerfd_, nextExpire);
  }
}

bool TimerQueue::insert(Timer* timer)
{
  loop_->assertInLoopThread();
  assert(timers_.size() == activeTimers_.size());
  // 最早到期时间是否改变
  bool earliestChanged = false;
  Timestamp when = timer->expiration();
  TimerList::iterator it = timers_.begin();
  // 如果timers_为空或者when小于timers_中的最早到期时间
  if (it == timers_.end() || when < it->first)
  {
    earliestChanged = true;
  }
  {
    // 插入到timers_中
    std::pair<TimerList::iterator, bool> result
      = timers_.insert(Entry(when, timer));
    assert(result.second); (void)result;
  }
  {
    // 插入到activeTimers_中
    std::pair<ActiveTimerSet::iterator, bool> result
      = activeTimers_.insert(ActiveTimer(timer, timer->sequence()));
    assert(result.second); (void)result;
  }

  assert(timers_.size() == activeTimers_.size());
  return earliestChanged;
}

EventLoop.h

// Copyright 2010, Shuo Chen.  All rights reserved.
// http://code.google.com/p/muduo/
//
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
// that can be found in the License file.

// Author: Shuo Chen (chenshuo at chenshuo dot com)
//
// This is a public header file, it must only include public header files.

#ifndef MUDUO_NET_EVENTLOOP_H
#define MUDUO_NET_EVENTLOOP_H

#include <vector>

#include <boost/noncopyable.hpp>
#include <boost/scoped_ptr.hpp>

#include <muduo/base/CurrentThread.h>
#include <muduo/base/Thread.h>
#include <muduo/base/Timestamp.h>
#include <muduo/net/Callbacks.h>
#include <muduo/net/TimerId.h>

namespace muduo
{
namespace net
{

class Channel;
class Poller;
class TimerQueue;
///
/// Reactor, at most one per thread.
///
/// This is an interface class, so don't expose too much details.
class EventLoop : boost::noncopyable
{
 public:
  EventLoop();
  ~EventLoop();  // force out-line dtor, for scoped_ptr members.

  ///
  /// Loops forever.
  ///
  /// Must be called in the same thread as creation of the object.
  ///
  void loop();

  void quit();

  ///
  /// Time when poll returns, usually means data arrivial.
  ///
  Timestamp pollReturnTime() const { return pollReturnTime_; }

  // timers

  ///
  /// Runs callback at 'time'.
  /// Safe to call from other threads.
  ///
  TimerId runAt(const Timestamp& time, const TimerCallback& cb);
  ///
  /// Runs callback after @c delay seconds.
  /// Safe to call from other threads.
  ///
  TimerId runAfter(double delay, const TimerCallback& cb);
  ///
  /// Runs callback every @c interval seconds.
  /// Safe to call from other threads.
  ///
  TimerId runEvery(double interval, const TimerCallback& cb);
  ///
  /// Cancels the timer.
  /// Safe to call from other threads.
  ///
  void cancel(TimerId timerId);

  // internal usage
  void updateChannel(Channel* channel);		// 在Poller中添加或者更新通道
  void removeChannel(Channel* channel);		// 从Poller中移除通道

  void assertInLoopThread()
  {
    if (!isInLoopThread())
    {
      abortNotInLoopThread();
    }
  }
  bool isInLoopThread() const { return threadId_ == CurrentThread::tid(); }

  static EventLoop* getEventLoopOfCurrentThread();

 private:
  void abortNotInLoopThread();

  void printActiveChannels() const; // DEBUG

  typedef std::vector<Channel*> ChannelList;
  
  bool looping_; /* atomic */
  bool quit_; /* atomic */
  bool eventHandling_; /* atomic */
  const pid_t threadId_;		// 当前对象所属线程ID
  Timestamp pollReturnTime_;
  boost::scoped_ptr<Poller> poller_;
  boost::scoped_ptr<TimerQueue> timerQueue_;
  ChannelList activeChannels_;		// Poller返回的活动通道
  Channel* currentActiveChannel_;	// 当前正在处理的活动通道
};

}
}
#endif  // MUDUO_NET_EVENTLOOP_H

EventLoop.cc

// Copyright 2010, Shuo Chen.  All rights reserved.
// http://code.google.com/p/muduo/
//
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
// that can be found in the License file.

// Author: Shuo Chen (chenshuo at chenshuo dot com)

#include <muduo/net/EventLoop.h>

#include <muduo/base/Logging.h>
#include <muduo/net/Channel.h>
#include <muduo/net/Poller.h>
#include <muduo/net/TimerQueue.h>

//#include <poll.h>

using namespace muduo;
using namespace muduo::net;

namespace
{
// 当前线程EventLoop对象指针
// 线程局部存储
__thread EventLoop* t_loopInThisThread = 0;

const int kPollTimeMs = 10000;
}

EventLoop* EventLoop::getEventLoopOfCurrentThread()
{
  return t_loopInThisThread;
}

EventLoop::EventLoop()
  : looping_(false),
    quit_(false),
    eventHandling_(false),
    threadId_(CurrentThread::tid()),
	poller_(Poller::newDefaultPoller(this)),
    timerQueue_(new TimerQueue(this)),
	currentActiveChannel_(NULL)
{
  LOG_TRACE << "EventLoop created " << this << " in thread " << threadId_;
  // 如果当前线程已经创建了EventLoop对象，终止(LOG_FATAL)
  if (t_loopInThisThread)
  {
    LOG_FATAL << "Another EventLoop " << t_loopInThisThread
              << " exists in this thread " << threadId_;
  }
  else
  {
    t_loopInThisThread = this;
  }
}

EventLoop::~EventLoop()
{
  t_loopInThisThread = NULL;
}

// 事件循环，该函数不能跨线程调用
// 只能在创建该对象的线程中调用
void EventLoop::loop()
{
  assert(!looping_);
  // 断言当前处于创建该对象的线程中
  assertInLoopThread();
  looping_ = true;
  LOG_TRACE << "EventLoop " << this << " start looping";

  //::poll(NULL, 0, 5*1000);
  while (!quit_)
  {
    activeChannels_.clear();
    pollReturnTime_ = poller_->poll(kPollTimeMs, &activeChannels_);
    //++iteration_;
    if (Logger::logLevel() <= Logger::TRACE)
    {
      printActiveChannels();
    }
    // TODO sort channel by priority
    eventHandling_ = true;
    for (ChannelList::iterator it = activeChannels_.begin();
        it != activeChannels_.end(); ++it)
    {
      currentActiveChannel_ = *it;
      currentActiveChannel_->handleEvent(pollReturnTime_);
    }
    currentActiveChannel_ = NULL;
    eventHandling_ = false;
    //doPendingFunctors();
  }

  LOG_TRACE << "EventLoop " << this << " stop looping";
  looping_ = false;
}

// 该函数可以跨线程调用
void EventLoop::quit()
{
  quit_ = true;
  if (!isInLoopThread())
  {
    //wakeup();
  }
}

TimerId EventLoop::runAt(const Timestamp& time, const TimerCallback& cb)
{
  return timerQueue_->addTimer(cb, time, 0.0);
}

TimerId EventLoop::runAfter(double delay, const TimerCallback& cb)
{
  Timestamp time(addTime(Timestamp::now(), delay));
  return runAt(time, cb);
}

TimerId EventLoop::runEvery(double interval, const TimerCallback& cb)
{
  Timestamp time(addTime(Timestamp::now(), interval));
  return timerQueue_->addTimer(cb, time, interval);
}

void EventLoop::cancel(TimerId timerId)
{
  return timerQueue_->cancel(timerId);
}

void EventLoop::updateChannel(Channel* channel)
{
  assert(channel->ownerLoop() == this);
  assertInLoopThread();
  poller_->updateChannel(channel);
}

void EventLoop::removeChannel(Channel* channel)
{
  assert(channel->ownerLoop() == this);
  assertInLoopThread();
  if (eventHandling_)
  {
    assert(currentActiveChannel_ == channel ||
        std::find(activeChannels_.begin(), activeChannels_.end(), channel) == activeChannels_.end());
  }
  poller_->removeChannel(channel);
}

void EventLoop::abortNotInLoopThread()
{
  LOG_FATAL << "EventLoop::abortNotInLoopThread - EventLoop " << this
            << " was created in threadId_ = " << threadId_
            << ", current thread id = " <<  CurrentThread::tid();
}

void EventLoop::printActiveChannels() const
{
  for (ChannelList::const_iterator it = activeChannels_.begin();
      it != activeChannels_.end(); ++it)
  {
    const Channel* ch = *it;
    LOG_TRACE << "{" << ch->reventsToString() << "} ";
  }
}

Reactor_test04.cc

#include <muduo/net/EventLoop.h>
//#include <muduo/net/EventLoopThread.h>
#include <muduo/base/Thread.h>

#include <boost/bind.hpp>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>

using namespace muduo;
using namespace muduo::net;

int cnt = 0;
EventLoop* g_loop;

void printTid()
{
  printf("pid = %d, tid = %d\n", getpid(), CurrentThread::tid());
  printf("now %s\n", Timestamp::now().toString().c_str());
}

void print(const char* msg)
{
  printf("msg %s %s\n", Timestamp::now().toString().c_str(), msg);
  if (++cnt == 20)
  {
    g_loop->quit();
  }
}

void cancel(TimerId timer)
{
  g_loop->cancel(timer);
  printf("cancelled at %s\n", Timestamp::now().toString().c_str());
}

int main()
{
  printTid();
  sleep(1);
  {
    EventLoop loop;
    g_loop = &loop;

    print("main");
    loop.runAfter(1, boost::bind(print, "once1"));
    loop.runAfter(1.5, boost::bind(print, "once1.5"));
    loop.runAfter(2.5, boost::bind(print, "once2.5"));
    loop.runAfter(3.5, boost::bind(print, "once3.5"));
    TimerId t45 = loop.runAfter(4.5, boost::bind(print, "once4.5"));
    loop.runAfter(4.2, boost::bind(cancel, t45));
    loop.runAfter(4.8, boost::bind(cancel, t45));
    loop.runEvery(2, boost::bind(print, "every2"));
    TimerId t3 = loop.runEvery(3, boost::bind(print, "every3"));
    loop.runAfter(9.001, boost::bind(cancel, t3));

    loop.loop();
    print("main loop exits");
  }
  /*
  sleep(1);
  {
    EventLoopThread loopThread;
    EventLoop* loop = loopThread.startLoop();
    loop->runAfter(2, printTid);
    sleep(3);
    print("thread loop exits");
  }
  */
}