Python库matplotlib之七

饼图

词法：Axes.pie(x, explode=None, labels=None, colors=None, autopct=None, pctdistance=0.6, shadow=False, labeldistance=1.1, startangle=0, radius=1, counterclock=True, wedgeprops=None, textprops=None, center=(0, 0), frame=False, rotatelabels=False, *, normalize=True, hatch=None, data=None)

绘制饼图。制作数组x的饼图。每个楔形的分数面积由 x/sum(x) 给出。默认情况下，从 x 轴开始，逆时针绘制楔形。

参数说明

• x，该参数类型是一维类数组
• explode，该参数类型是array-like, 默认值为None
• labels，该参数类型是list, 默认值为None
• colors，该参数类型是color，或者类型为color的list, 默认值为None
• hatch，该参数类型是字符串，或list, 默认值为None
• autopct，该参数类型是None，字符串，或者callable, 默认值为None
• pctdistance，该参数类型是float, 默认值为0.6
• labeldistance，该参数类型是float，或者None, 默认值为1.1
• shadow，该参数类型是bool，或者dict, 默认值为False
• startangle，该参数类型是float, 默认值为0度
• radius，该参数类型是float, 默认值为1
• counterclock，该参数类型是bool, 默认值为True
• wedgeprops，该参数类型是dict, 默认值为None
• textprops，该参数类型是dict, 默认值为None
• center，该参数类型是(float, float), 默认值为(0, 0)
• frame，该参数类型是bool, 默认值为False
• rotatelabels，该参数类型是bool, 默认值为False
• normalize，该参数类型是bool, 默认值为True
• data，该参数类型是indexable对象, 是可选的

标注楔形图

绘制饼图，并标记楔形图。要添加标签，将标签列表传递给labels参数

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt



def plot_pie():
    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
    sizes = [20, 10, 15, 30, 25]
    label = ["wheat", "corn", "rice", "patato", "barley"]
    l_explode = [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.1, 0.0]
    ax.pie(sizes, labels=label, explode=l_explode)
    plt.show()
    print()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    plot_pie()

自动标注楔形图

将函数或格式字符串传递给 autopct 以标记切片。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def plot_pie():
    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
    sizes = [19.75, 14.25, 15.27, 25.26, 25.47]
    label = ["wheat", "corn", "rice", "patato", "barley"]
    ax.pie(sizes, labels=label, autopct='%1.2f%%')
    plt.show()
    print()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    plot_pie()

楔形图彩色设置

使用参数colors，设置 楔形图的颜色。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def plot_pie():
    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
    sizes = [19.75, 14.25, 15.27, 30.47, 20.47]
    label = ["wheat", "corn", "rice", "barley", "millet"]
    l_color = ["blue","green","#7F007F","magenta", "yellow"]
    ax.pie(sizes, labels=label, colors=l_color, autopct='%1.2f%%')
    plt.show()
    print()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    plot_pie()

改变楔形图标注和autopct文本位置

使用参数labeldistance，分别改变改变楔形图标注位置；使用参数rotatelabels，改变楔形图标注的角度。
使用参数pctdistance，改变autopct 文本位置。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def plot_pie():
    fig, ax = plt.subplots()
    sizes = [19.75, 14.25, 15.27, 30.47, 20.47]
    label = ["wheat", "corn", "rice", "barley", "millet"]
    l_color = ["blue","green","#7F007F","magenta", "yellow"]
    ax.pie(sizes, labels=label, rotatelabels=True, colors=l_color, 
            autopct='%1.2f%%', pctdistance=1.25, labeldistance=.3)
    plt.show()
    print()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    plot_pie()