一、回顾
上一个作业实现了动作分离+MVC，也就是Model+View+Controller+Action。同时，由于游戏对象自创建开始到游戏结束一直存在，游戏对象的创建、回收仍然由conroller统一管理。当游戏对象在游戏过程中提前被回收，同时又有新的游戏对象产生，对象的管理工作就不得不从controller中剥离出来，否则不但管理困难，游戏对象还难以复用。
因此，这次在前面的框架的基础上，进一步细化：建立“游戏对象工厂”，统一管理游戏过程中游戏对象的产生、回收、复用等等。
二、游戏介绍
在打飞碟游戏中，每一轮都会有新的飞碟产生，鼠标点中飞碟则被视为“打中飞碟”，会使飞碟消失，飞碟飞出屏幕区域同样会消失，一轮中飞碟全部消失则进入下一轮。从这里可以看到，游戏对象的创建与销毁是频繁的，而且新对象与旧对象之间没有实质性的差异，是可以复用的。
三、实现
代码实现部分借鉴了unity 实现简易打飞碟游戏-CSDN博客，respect。
1、
首先总体框架不变，Model+View+Controller+Action，对象工厂放在controller中（或许也可以提出来）。
2、Actions
Actions中的SSActionManager、SSAction几乎不变。
对应的CCActionManager、CCAction逻辑如下：
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class CCActionManager : SSActionManager, IActionCallback
{
public RoundController sceneController;//RoundController相当于FirstController
public CCAction action;
public DiskFactory factory;
// Start is called before the first frame update
new void Start()
{
sceneController = Singleton<RoundController>.Instance;
sceneController.actionManager = this;
factory = Singleton<DiskFactory>.Instance;
}
//回调函数
public void SSActionEvent(SSAction source,
SSActionEventType events = SSActionEventType.Completed,
int intParam = 0,
string strParam = null,
Object objectParam = null) {
//
factory.FreeDisk(source.transform.gameObject);
}
public void MoveDisk(GameObject disk) {
action = CCAction.GetSSAction(disk.GetComponent<DiskAttributes>().speedX, disk.GetComponent<DiskAttributes>().speedY);
RunAction(disk, action, this);
}
}
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
//飞碟从界面左右两侧飞入，离开界面时运动结束
public class CCAction : SSAction
{
public float speedX;
public float speedY;
public static CCAction GetSSAction(float x, float y) {
CCAction action = ScriptableObject.CreateInstance<CCAction>();
//CCFlyAction action = SSAction.Instance;
action.speedX = x;
action.speedY = y;
return action;
}
// Start is called before the first frame update
public override void Start()
{
}
// Update is called once per frame
public override void Update()
{
//检查当前脚本所附加的游戏对象是否处于活动状态
if (this.transform.gameObject.activeSelf == false) {//飞碟已经被"销毁"
Debug.Log("1");
this.destroy = true;
this.callback.SSActionEvent(this);
return;
}
Vector3 vec3 = Camera.main.WorldToScreenPoint (this.transform.position);
if (vec3.x < -200 || vec3.x > Camera.main.pixelWidth + 200 || vec3.y < -200 || vec3.y > Camera.main.pixelHeight + 200) {
Debug.Log("2");
this.destroy = true;
this.callback.SSActionEvent(this);
return;
}
//更新位置
//Time.deltaTime表示从上一帧到当前帧的时间间隔
// += 速度*时间
transform.position += new Vector3(speedX, speedY, 0) * Time.deltaTime * 2;
}
}
3、Controller
RoundController负责管理轮次、调用对象工厂生成对象、检测鼠标是否点中飞碟，同时实现FirstController（场记）的功能。
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using System.Threading;
public class RoundController : MonoBehaviour, ISceneController, IUserAction
{
int round = 0;
int max_round = 5;
float timer = 0.5f;
GameObject disk;
DiskFactory factory ;
public CCActionManager actionManager;
public ScoreController scoreController;
public UserGUI userGUI;
//before Start
void Awake() {
SSDirector director = SSDirector.getInstance();
director.currentSceneController = this;
director.currentSceneController.LoadSource();
//Add同时赋值给RoundController的CCAcM、ScoreC
gameObject.AddComponent<CCActionManager>();
gameObject.AddComponent<ScoreController>();
gameObject.AddComponent<DiskFactory>();
factory = Singleton<DiskFactory>.Instance;
gameObject.AddComponent<UserGUI>();
userGUI = gameObject.GetComponent<UserGUI>();
}
// Start is called before the first frame update
void Start()
{
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update()
{
if (userGUI.mode == 0) return;
GetHit();
gameOver();
if (round > max_round) {
return;
}
timer -= Time.deltaTime;
if (timer <= 0 && actionManager.RemainActionCount() == 0) {
//从工厂中得到10个飞碟，为其加上动作
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
disk = factory.GetDisk(round);
actionManager.MoveDisk(disk);
}
round += 1;
if (round <= max_round) {
userGUI.round = round;
}
timer = 4.0f;
}
}
public void LoadSource()
{
}
public void gameOver()
{
if (round > max_round && actionManager.RemainActionCount() == 0)
userGUI.gameMessage = "THE END";
}
public void GetHit() {
if (Input.GetButtonDown("Fire1")) {
Vector3 mp = Input.mousePosition; //get Screen Position
//create ray, origin is camera, and direction to mousepoint
Camera ca = Camera.main;
Ray ray = ca.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition);
//Return the ray's hit
RaycastHit hit;
if (Physics.Raycast(ray, out hit)) {
//点中飞碟则加分
scoreController.Record(hit.transform.gameObject);
//设为不可见
hit.transform.gameObject.SetActive(false);
}
else{
//没点中飞碟则惩罚
UnityEngine.Debug.Log("nope");
scoreController.Publish();
}
}
}
}
ScoreController负责记分，包括增加飞碟对应的分数、惩罚减少分数。它在RoundController中被调用。
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class ScoreController : MonoBehaviour
{
int score;
public RoundController roundController;
public UserGUI userGUI;
// Start is called before the first frame update
void Start()
{
roundController = (RoundController)SSDirector.getInstance().currentSceneController;
//这行代码使得RoundController中的gameObject.AddComponent<ScoreController>();的同时，
//将自身赋给了roundController.scoreController
roundController.scoreController = this;
userGUI = this.gameObject.GetComponent<UserGUI>();
}
//加分
public void Record(GameObject disk) {
score += disk.GetComponent<DiskAttributes>().score;
userGUI.score = score;
}
//扣分
public void Publish(){
UnityEngine.Debug.Log("publish");
if(score>=1)
score-=1;
userGUI.score = score;
}
}
DiskFactory：
功能：生产飞碟、设置飞碟属性值、管理飞碟。通过两个队列：free、used，分别管理空闲飞碟、正在被使用的飞碟。当需要新的飞碟的时候，就从空闲飞碟队列中取出一个返回，并且放到正在被使用飞碟中管理。当一个飞碟被销毁（实际上没有销毁），就从正在被使用队列移动到空闲飞碟，实现复用。
using System.IO;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Security.AccessControl;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class MyException : System.Exception
{
public MyException() { }
public MyException(string message) : base(message) { }
}
public class DiskFactory : MonoBehaviour
{
List<GameObject> disk_used;
List<GameObject> disk_free;
System.Random rand;
//public int miss=0;
// Start is called before the first frame update
void Start()
{
disk_used = new List<GameObject>();
disk_free = new List<GameObject>();
rand = new System.Random();
//Disk disk = GetDisk(1);
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update()
{
}
void setAttributes(GameObject disk,int round){
//根据不同round设置diskAttributes的值
//随意的旋转角度
disk.transform.localEulerAngles = new Vector3(-rand.Next(20,40),0,0);
DiskAttributes attri = disk.GetComponent<DiskAttributes>();
attri.score = rand.Next(1,4);
//由分数来决定速度、颜色、大小
//速度（大小）
attri.speedX = (rand.Next(1,5) + attri.score + round) * 0.2f;
attri.speedY = (rand.Next(1,5) + attri.score + round) * 0.2f;
//颜色
Color[] color={Color.blue, Color.green, Color.red};
disk.GetComponent<Renderer>().material.color = color[attri.score-1];
//大小
disk.transform.localScale += new Vector3(-0.2f * (attri.score-1), 0, -0.2f * (attri.score-1));
//飞碟可从四个方向飞入（左上、左下、右上、右下）
int[,] dir={{1,1},{1,-1},{-1,1},{-1,-1}};
float[,] screenPos={{Screen.width*0.1f,0},{Screen.width*0.1f,Screen.height*1.1f},{Screen.width*1f,0},{Screen.width*0.8f,Screen.height*0.8f}};
int direction = rand.Next(0,4);
//速度方向
attri.speedX *= dir[direction,0];
attri.speedY *= dir[direction,1];
//初始位置
disk.transform.Translate(Camera.main.ScreenToWorldPoint(new Vector3(screenPos[direction,0], screenPos[direction,1], 8)));
UnityEngine.Debug.Log("trans",disk.transform);
}
public GameObject GetDisk(int round) {
GameObject disk;
if (disk_free.Count != 0) {
disk = disk_free[0];
disk_free.Remove(disk);
}
else {
disk=new Disk().disk;
}
setAttributes(disk,round);
//setAttributes(disk,round);
disk_used.Add(disk);
disk.SetActive(true);
UnityEngine.Debug.Log("generate disk");
return disk;
}
public void FreeDisk(GameObject disk) {
disk.SetActive(false);
//将位置和大小恢复到预制，这点很重要！
disk.transform.position = new Vector3(0, 0,0);
disk.transform.localScale = new Vector3(2f,0.1f,2f);
if (!disk_used.Contains(disk)) {
throw new MyException("Try to remove a item from a list which doesn't contain it.");
}
UnityEngine.Debug.Log("free disk");
disk_used.Remove(disk);
disk_free.Add(disk);
}
}Singleton：这个类并非控制器，它实现了单示例接口，保证游戏中一些实例对象的单一（比如只有一个对象工厂、记分员ScoreController、场记RoundController等等）
使用：在前面Action、Controller都有使用，比如CCActionManager中的：
sceneController = Singleton<RoundController>.Instance;
factory = Singleton<DiskFactory>.Instance;using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class Singleton<T> : MonoBehaviour where T : MonoBehaviour
{
protected static T instance;
public static T Instance {
get {
if (instance == null) {
instance = (T)FindObjectOfType (typeof(T));
if (instance == null) {
Debug.LogError ("An instance of " + typeof(T) +
" is needed in the scene, but there is none.");
}
}
return instance;
}
}
}
4、Model、Views
飞碟Disk
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class DiskAttributes : MonoBehaviour
{
//public GameObject gameobj;
public int score;
public float speedX;
public float speedY;
}
public class Disk
{
public GameObject disk;
public Disk(){
disk = GameObject.Instantiate(Resources.Load("Prefabs/disk", typeof(GameObject))) as GameObject;
disk.AddComponent<DiskAttributes>();
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class UserGUI : MonoBehaviour
{
public int mode;
public int score;
public int miss;
public int round;
public string gameMessage;
private IUserAction action;
public GUIStyle bigStyle, blackStyle, smallStyle;//自定义字体格式
public Font pixelFont;
private int menu_width = Screen.width / 5, menu_height = Screen.width / 10;//主菜单每一个按键的宽度和高度
// Start is called before the first frame update
void Start()
{
mode = 0;
score = 0;
miss = 0;
round = 0;
gameMessage = "";
action = SSDirector.getInstance().currentSceneController as IUserAction;
//pixelStyle
//pixelFont = Font.Instantiate(Resources.Load("Fonts/ThaleahFat", typeof(Font))) as Font;
//if (pixelFont == null) Debug.Log("null");
//pixelFont.fontSize = 50;
//pixelFont = Arial;
//大字体初始化
bigStyle = new GUIStyle();
bigStyle.normal.textColor = Color.white;
bigStyle.normal.background = null;
bigStyle.fontSize = 50;
bigStyle.alignment=TextAnchor.MiddleCenter;
//black
blackStyle = new GUIStyle();
blackStyle.normal.textColor = Color.black;
blackStyle.normal.background = null;
blackStyle.fontSize = 50;
blackStyle.alignment=TextAnchor.MiddleCenter;
//小字体初始化
smallStyle = new GUIStyle();
smallStyle.normal.textColor = Color.white;
smallStyle.normal.background = null;
smallStyle.fontSize = 20;
smallStyle.alignment=TextAnchor.MiddleCenter;
}
// Update is called once per frame
void Update()
{
}
void OnGUI() {
//GUI.skin.button.font = pixelFont;
GUI.skin.button.fontSize = 35;
switch(mode) {
case 0:
mainMenu();
break;
case 1:
GameStart();
break;
}
}
void mainMenu() {
GUI.Label(new Rect(Screen.width / 2 - menu_width * 0.5f, Screen.height * 0.1f, menu_width, menu_height), "HIT UFO", bigStyle);
bool button = GUI.Button(new Rect(Screen.width / 2 - menu_width * 0.5f, Screen.height * 3 / 7, menu_width, menu_height), "START");
if (button) {
mode = 1;
}
}
void GameStart() {
UnityEngine.Debug.Log(Camera.main.pixelWidth);
UnityEngine.Debug.Log(Screen.width*1f);
GUI.Label(new Rect(Screen.width / 2 - menu_width * 0.5f, Screen.height * 0.1f, menu_width, menu_height), gameMessage,bigStyle);//, bigStyle300, 60, 50, 200
GUI.Label(new Rect(Screen.width*0.8f, Screen.height * 0.8f-30, menu_width, menu_height), "Score: " + score, smallStyle);//0,0,100,50
GUI.Label(new Rect(Screen.width*0.8f, Screen.height * 0.8f, menu_width, menu_height), "Round: " + round, smallStyle);
}
}
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