**
Requests模块简单入门
**
Get和Post
Get是从服务器上获取数据,Post是向服务器传送数据
Get请求参数显示在浏览器网址上,列如:https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=儿子
Post请求参数在请求体中,以隐式的方式发送,请求参数包含在“Content-Type”消息头里,指明该消息体的媒体类型和编码
formdata(表单数据):post请求需要提交的数据
#HTTP请求类型
#get类型
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
#post类型
r = requests.post("http://m.ctrip.com/post")
#put类型
r = requests.put("http://m.ctrip.com/put")
#delete类型
r = requests.delete("http://m.ctrip.com/delete")
#head类型
r = requests.head("http://m.ctrip.com/head")
#options类型
r = requests.options("http://m.ctrip.com/get")
#获取响应内容(返回内容)
print r.content #返回二进制的形式
print r.text #以文本的方式去显示
#URL传递参数(params)
wd = {'keyword': '日本', 'salecityid': '2'}
r = requests.get("http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list", params=wd)
print r.url
#示例为http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list?salecityid=2&keyword=日本
#定制请求头(User-Agent是浏览器名称)(headers)
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
headers = {'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.2.1; en-us; Nexus 4 Build/JOP40D) AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/18.0.1025.166 Mobile Safari/535.19'}
r = requests.post(url, headers=headers)
print r.request.headers
#post请求需要提交的数据(formdata(表单数据))(data)
formdata={
'i': '儿子',
'from': 'AUTO',
'to': 'AUTO',
'smartresult': 'dict',
'client': 'fanyideskweb',
'salt': '16232225503753''',
'sign': 'd212d04fe29638d2a42d3b0d920c24ad',
'lts': '1623222550375',
'bv': 'b0ff5d17f404993192085bf8b1e93587',
'doctype': 'json',
'version': '2.1',
'keyfrom': 'fanyi.web',
'action': 'FY_BY_REALTlME'
}
url="https://fanyi.youdao.com/translate?smartresult=dict&smartresult=rule"
response=requests.post(url,data=formdata)
#设置代理ip(ip:端口号)(proxies)
proxylist={
"http":"http://139.224.46.224:8080",
"http":"http://120.83.106.92:9999",
}
response=requests.post("http://www.baidu.com",proxies=proxylist)
#获取响应的cookie
response=requests.get("http://www.baidu.com")
#1.获取返回值的cookiejar对象
cookiejar=response.cookies
#2.将cookiejar转换成字典
cookiedict=requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(cookiejar)
#复杂post请求
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
payload = {'some': 'data'}
r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload)) #如果传递的payload是string而不是dict,需要先调用dumps方法格式化一下
#获取/修改网页编码
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
print r.encoding
r.encoding = 'utf-8'
#json处理
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
print r.json() #需要先import json
#post多部分编码文件
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)
#响应状态码
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com')
print r.status_code
#响应头
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com')
print r.headers
print r.headers['Content-Type']
print r.headers.get('content-type') #访问响应头部分内容的两种方式
#Cookies
url = 'http://example.com/some/cookie/setting/url'
r = requests.get(url)
r.cookies['example_cookie_name'] #读取cookies
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com/cookies'
cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')
r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies) #发送cookies
#设置超时时间
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com', timeout=0.001)
#设置访问代理
proxies = {
"http": "http://10.10.10.10:8888",
"https": "http://10.10.10.100:4444",
}
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com', proxies=proxies)
4、Requests示例
json请求
1 #!/user/bin/env python
2 #coding=utf-8
3 import requests
4 import json
5
6 class url_request():
7 def __init__(self):
8 """ init """
9
10 if __name__=='__main__':
11 headers = {'Content-Type' : 'application/json'}
12 payload = {'CountryName':'中国',
13 'ProvinceName':'陕西省',
14 'L1CityName':'汉中',
15 'L2CityName':'城固',
16 'TownName':'',
17 'Longitude':'107.33393',
18 'Latitude':'33.157131',
19 'Language':'CN'
20 }
21 r = requests.post("http://www.xxxxxx.com/CityLocation/json/LBSLocateCity",headers=headers,data=payload)
22 #r.encoding = 'utf-8'
23 data=r.json()
24 if r.status_code!=200:
25 print "LBSLocateCity API Error " + str(r.status_code)
26 print data['CityEntities'][0]['CityID'] #打印返回json中的某个key的value
27 print data['ResponseStatus']['Ack']
28 print json.dumps(data,indent=4,sort_keys=True,ensure_ascii=False) #树形打印json,ensure_ascii必须设为False否则中文会显示为unicode
xml请求
#!/user/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
import requests
class url_request():
def __init__(self):
""" init """
if __name__=='__main__':
headers = {'Content-type': 'text/xml'}
XML = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"><soap:Body><Request xmlns="http://tempuri.org/"><jme><JobClassFullName>WeChatJSTicket.JobWS.Job.JobRefreshTicket,WeChatJSTicket.JobWS</JobClassFullName><Action>RUN</Action><Param>1</Param><HostIP>127.0.0.1</HostIP><JobInfo>1</JobInfo><NeedParallel>false</NeedParallel></jme></Request></soap:Body></soap:Envelope>'
url = 'http://jobws.push.mobile.xxxxxxxx.com/RefreshWeiXInTokenJob/RefreshService.asmx'
r = requests.post(url,headers=headers,data=XML)
#r.encoding = 'utf-8'
data = r.text
print data