Requests模块简单入门

**

Requests模块简单入门

**

Get和Post
Get是从服务器上获取数据，Post是向服务器传送数据
Get请求参数显示在浏览器网址上，列如：https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=儿子

Post请求参数在请求体中，以隐式的方式发送，请求参数包含在“Content-Type”消息头里，指明该消息体的媒体类型和编码
formdata（表单数据）：post请求需要提交的数据
#HTTP请求类型
#get类型
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
#post类型
r = requests.post("http://m.ctrip.com/post")
#put类型
r = requests.put("http://m.ctrip.com/put")
#delete类型
r = requests.delete("http://m.ctrip.com/delete")
#head类型
r = requests.head("http://m.ctrip.com/head")
#options类型
r = requests.options("http://m.ctrip.com/get")

#获取响应内容（返回内容）
print r.content #返回二进制的形式
print r.text #以文本的方式去显示

#URL传递参数（params）
wd = {'keyword': '日本', 'salecityid': '2'}
r = requests.get("http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list", params=wd) 
print r.url 
#示例为http://m.ctrip.com/webapp/tourvisa/visa_list?salecityid=2&keyword=日本

#定制请求头（User-Agent是浏览器名称）（headers）
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
headers = {'User-Agent' : 'Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.2.1; en-us; Nexus 4 Build/JOP40D) AppleWebKit/535.19 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/18.0.1025.166 Mobile Safari/535.19'}
r = requests.post(url, headers=headers)
print r.request.headers

#post请求需要提交的数据（formdata（表单数据））（data）
formdata={
    'i': '儿子',
    'from': 'AUTO',
    'to': 'AUTO',
   'smartresult': 'dict',
    'client': 'fanyideskweb',
    'salt': '16232225503753''',
    'sign': 'd212d04fe29638d2a42d3b0d920c24ad',
    'lts': '1623222550375',
    'bv': 'b0ff5d17f404993192085bf8b1e93587',
    'doctype': 'json',
    'version': '2.1',
    'keyfrom': 'fanyi.web',
    'action': 'FY_BY_REALTlME'
    }
    url="https://fanyi.youdao.com/translate?smartresult=dict&smartresult=rule"
	response=requests.post(url,data=formdata)
	
#设置代理ip（ip：端口号）（proxies）
proxylist={
    "http":"http://139.224.46.224:8080",
    "http":"http://120.83.106.92:9999",
}
response=requests.post("http://www.baidu.com",proxies=proxylist)

#获取响应的cookie
response=requests.get("http://www.baidu.com")
#1.获取返回值的cookiejar对象
cookiejar=response.cookies
#2.将cookiejar转换成字典
cookiedict=requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(cookiejar)

#复杂post请求
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
payload = {'some': 'data'}
r = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(payload)) #如果传递的payload是string而不是dict，需要先调用dumps方法格式化一下

#获取/修改网页编码
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
print r.encoding
r.encoding = 'utf-8'

#json处理
r = requests.get('https://github.com/timeline.json')
print r.json() #需要先import json    



#post多部分编码文件
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com'
files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)

#响应状态码
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com')
print r.status_code
    
#响应头
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com')
print r.headers
print r.headers['Content-Type']
print r.headers.get('content-type') #访问响应头部分内容的两种方式
    
#Cookies
url = 'http://example.com/some/cookie/setting/url'
r = requests.get(url)
r.cookies['example_cookie_name']    #读取cookies
    
url = 'http://m.ctrip.com/cookies'
cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')
r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies) #发送cookies

#设置超时时间
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com', timeout=0.001)

#设置访问代理
proxies = {
           "http": "http://10.10.10.10:8888",
           "https": "http://10.10.10.100:4444",
          }
r = requests.get('http://m.ctrip.com', proxies=proxies)

4、Requests示例

json请求

 1 #!/user/bin/env python
 2 #coding=utf-8
 3 import requests
 4 import json
 5 
 6 class url_request():
 7     def __init__(self):
 8             """ init """    
 9 
10 if __name__=='__main__':
11     headers = {'Content-Type' : 'application/json'}
12     payload = {'CountryName':'中国',
13                'ProvinceName':'陕西省',
14                'L1CityName':'汉中',
15                'L2CityName':'城固',
16                'TownName':'',
17                'Longitude':'107.33393',
18                'Latitude':'33.157131',
19                'Language':'CN'
20                }
21     r = requests.post("http://www.xxxxxx.com/CityLocation/json/LBSLocateCity",headers=headers,data=payload)
22     #r.encoding = 'utf-8'
23     data=r.json()
24     if r.status_code!=200:
25         print "LBSLocateCity API Error " + str(r.status_code)
26     print data['CityEntities'][0]['CityID'] #打印返回json中的某个key的value
27     print data['ResponseStatus']['Ack']
28     print json.dumps(data,indent=4,sort_keys=True,ensure_ascii=False) #树形打印json，ensure_ascii必须设为False否则中文会显示为unicode

xml请求

#!/user/bin/env python
#coding=utf-8
import requests

class url_request():
    def __init__(self):
            """ init """    

if __name__=='__main__':
    
    headers = {'Content-type': 'text/xml'}
    XML = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"><soap:Body><Request xmlns="http://tempuri.org/"><jme><JobClassFullName>WeChatJSTicket.JobWS.Job.JobRefreshTicket,WeChatJSTicket.JobWS</JobClassFullName><Action>RUN</Action><Param>1</Param><HostIP>127.0.0.1</HostIP><JobInfo>1</JobInfo><NeedParallel>false</NeedParallel></jme></Request></soap:Body></soap:Envelope>'
    url = 'http://jobws.push.mobile.xxxxxxxx.com/RefreshWeiXInTokenJob/RefreshService.asmx'
    r = requests.post(url,headers=headers,data=XML)
    #r.encoding = 'utf-8'
    data = r.text
    print data