R中的直方图和核密度图绘制

1.直方图

# simple histogram                                                        
hist(mtcars$mpg) #未指定任何选项时的默认图形

# colored histogram with specified number of bins        
hist(mtcars$mpg, 
     breaks=12, #分组个数
     col="red",  #红色
     xlab="Miles Per Gallon", # x轴标签
     main="Colored histogram with 12 bins")# 标题

# colored histogram with rug plot, frame, and specified number of bins 
hist(mtcars$mpg, 
     freq=FALSE, 
     breaks=12, 
     col="red", 
     xlab="Miles Per Gallon", 
     main="Histogram, rug plot, density curve")  
rug(jitter(mtcars$mpg)) 
lines(density(mtcars$mpg), col="blue", lwd=2)

# histogram with superimposed normal curve (Thanks to Peter Dalgaard)  
x <- mtcars$mpg 
h<-hist(x, 
        breaks=12, 
        col="red", 
        xlab="Miles Per Gallon", 
        main="Histogram with normal curve and box") 
xfit<-seq(min(x),max(x),length=40) 
yfit<-dnorm(xfit,mean=mean(x),sd=sd(x)) 
yfit <- yfit*diff(h$mids[1:2])*length(x) 
lines(xfit, yfit, col="blue", lwd=2)
box()

2.核密度图

d <- density(mtcars$mpg) # returns the density data  
plot(d) # plots the results 

d <- density(mtcars$mpg)                                  
plot(d, main="Kernel Density of Miles Per Gallon")       
polygon(d, col="red", border="blue")                     
rug(mtcars$mpg, col="brown") 

参考：《R in action–Data Analysis and Graphics with R》