网络编程
1.1 概述
计算机网络：将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备，通过通信线路连接起来，在网络操作系统、网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下，实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程的目的：数据交换、通信（网络一线牵，珍惜这段缘）。
1.2 网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信？
通信双方地址：
- ip
- 端口号
规则：网络通信的协议
TCP/IP参考模型
1.3 IP地址
ip地址：InetAddress
- 唯一定位一台网络上计算机
- 127.0.0.1： 本机localhost
- ip地址的分类 ipv4 / ipv6
1.4 端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程；
- 不同的进程有不同的端口号！用来区分软件！
- 被规定0~65535
- TCP，UDP：65535 * 2， 单个协议下，端口号不能冲突
- 端口分类
- 公有端口 0~1023
HTTP:80
HTPPS:80
FTP:21
Telent:23
- 程序注册端口：1024~ 49151， 分配用户或程序
Tomcat:8080
MySQL:3306
Oracle:1521
- 动态、私有：49152~65535
netstat -ano #查看所有端口
netstat -ano|findstr"5900" #查看指定的端口
tasklist|findstr"8696" #查看指定端口的进程
Ctrl + Shift + ESC # 打开任务管理器1.5 通信协议
网络通信协议：速率，传输码率，代码结构，传输控制
TCP UDP 对比
TCP：打电话
- 连接，稳定
- 三次握手、四次挥手
最少需要三次，保证稳定连接
A：你瞅啥
B：瞅你咋地
A：干一场
A：我要走了
B：你真的要走了吗
B：你真的真的要走了吗
A：我真的要走了
- 客户端、服务端
- 传输完成，释放连接，效率低
UDP：发短信
- 不连接，不稳定
- 客户端、服务端：没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好，都可以发给你
1.6、 TCP
客户端
- 连接服务器Coket
- 发送消息
服务器
- 建立服务的端口ServerSocket
- 等待用户的连接 aceept
- 接受用的消息
package net.lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* 服务端
*/
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
// 1. 我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true) {
// 2. 等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
// 3. 读取客户端得消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
// 管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭资源
if (baos != null) {
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
package net.lesson02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
/**
* 客户端
*/
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
// 1. 要知道服务器的地址
InetAddress serverIp = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
// 端口号
int port = 9999;
// 2. 创建一个Socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIp, port);
// 3. 发送消息 IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好，我是你爹".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (os != null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
服务端
package net.lesson02;
import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.Scope;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDomo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
// 1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
// 2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept(); // 阻塞式监听，会一直等待客户端连接
// 3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
// 4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer,0 ,len);
}
// 通知客户端我接受完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接受完毕了，你可以断开了".getBytes());
// 5.关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
客户端
package net.lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
// 2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
// 3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("src/net/lesson02/goddess.jpg"));
// 4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
// 通知服务器，我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput(); // 我已经传输完了！
// 确定服务器接收完毕，才能够断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2 = inputStream.read(buffer2)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer2, 0, len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
// 5.关闭资源
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
1.7 UDP
发短信：不用连接，需要知道对方地址
接收端
package net.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
/**
* 还是要等待客户端的连接！
*/
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
// 开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
// 接受数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0 , buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet); // 阻塞接受
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength()));
// 关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
发送端
package net.lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1.建立一个socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
// 2.建个包
String msg = "嗨害嗨!!!";
// 发送阶段
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
// 数据， 数据的长度起始， 要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
// 3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
// 4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
发送消息
发送端
package net.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.Buffer;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
// 准备数据: 控制台读取 System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true) {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package net.chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
// 准备接收数据
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
while (true) {
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
// 断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData.trim());
if (receiveData.trim().equals("bye")) {
break;
}
socket.receive(packet); // 阻塞式接收包裹
}
}
}
UDP多线程在线咨询
TalkReceive
package net.chat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
DatagramPacket packet = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
// 准备接收数据
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);// 阻塞式接收包裹
// 断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom + ":" + receiveData.trim());
if (receiveData.trim().equals("bye")) {
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
TalkSend
package net.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
DatagramPacket packet = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIp;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIp, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIp = toIp;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIp, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
TalkStudent
package net.chat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 开起两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777, "localhost", 9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888, "老师")).start();
}
}
TalkTeacher
package net.chat;
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555, "localhost", 8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999, "学生")).start();
}
}
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