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海神之光Matlab王者学习之路—代码获取方式
⛳️座右铭：行百里者，半于九十。
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语音处理（Matlab）
信号处理（Matlab）
车间调度（Matlab）
⛄一、案例简介
1 内容简介
利用MATLAB GUI设计平台，用窗函数法设计FIR数字滤波器，对所给出的含有噪声的声音信号进行数字滤波处理，得到降噪的声音信号，进行时域频域分析，同时分析不同窗函数的效果。
2 函数使用
读取.wav音频文件函数：audioread（）；（老版本为wavread）
MATLAB播放音乐函数：sound()；
MATLAB停止播放音乐：clear sound
写入.wav音频文件函数：audiowrite（）；（老版本为audiowrite）
加入白噪声：noise=(max(x(:,1))/5)*randn(x,2);
y=x+noise;
频谱分析： fft（）；
fftshift（）；
Fir滤波： fir1（n,Wn,ftype,window）；
窗函数选择： 梯形窗boxcar
三角窗triang
海明窗hamming
汉宁窗hanning
布莱克曼窗blackman
凯塞窗kaiser
3 实现功能
3.1 打开文件
选择路径打开wav格式的音频文件，自动生成音频的原始波形与频谱。
3.2 加入噪声
有两种噪声可以选择加入，一种是白噪声，其频率蔓延整个频谱；一种是特定频率的噪声，可通过输入频率加入单一频率的噪声。加入噪声后自动绘制加入噪声后的波形与频谱。
3.3 滤波处理
首先输入滤波器通/阻带的开始频率与截止频率（若为低/高通类型滤波，则只需输入开始频率；若为带通/阻类型，则开始与截止都要输入；输入频率值为真实频率值，可根据频谱图进行判断 ），之后选取窗函数和滤波类型，将会生成滤波处理后的波形与频谱。
3.4 音频播放/停止
可随时播放/停止原始、加噪、滤波处理后的音频。
3.5 图片导出
将波形、频谱图片一张张导出保存，可选的格式有jpg、png、bmp、eps。
3.6 保存文件
将加躁/滤波后的音频导出保存。
⛄二、部分源代码
function varargout = yanshou(varargin)
% YANSHOU M-file for yanshou.fig
% YANSHOU, by itself, creates a new YANSHOU or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = YANSHOU returns the handle to a new YANSHOU or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% YANSHOU(‘CALLBACK’,hObject,eventData,handles,…) calls the local
% function named CALLBACK in YANSHOU.M with the given input arguments.
%
% YANSHOU(‘Property’,‘Value’,…) creates a new YANSHOU or raises the
% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are
% applied to the GUI before yanshou_OpeningFcn gets called. An
% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
% stop. All inputs are passed to yanshou_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE’s Tools menu. Choose “GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)”.
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help yanshou
% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 23-Apr-2020 14:20:34
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct(‘gui_Name’, mfilename, …
‘gui_Singleton’, gui_Singleton, …
‘gui_OpeningFcn’, @yanshou_OpeningFcn, …
‘gui_OutputFcn’, @yanshou_OutputFcn, …
‘gui_LayoutFcn’, [] , …
‘gui_Callback’, []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% — Executes just before yanshou is made visible.
function yanshou_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to yanshou (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for yanshou
handles.output = hObject;
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% UIWAIT makes yanshou wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
% — Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = yanshou_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
% — Executes on button press in open_pushbutton1.
function open_pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to open_pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
global x; %文件
global Fs; %采样频率
global tl;
global x2;
[filename, pathname] = uigetfile(‘*.wav’, ‘选择音频文件’);
if isequal(filename,0)
disp(‘User selected Cancel’)
else
path = fullfile(pathname, filename);
[handles.x,handles.Fs]=audioread(path);
x=handles.x;
Fs=handles.Fs;
axes(handles.axes1);
tl=[0:1/Fs:(length(handles.x)-1)/Fs]; %时间尺度
plot(tl,handles.x);
title(‘语音时域波形’);
xlabel(‘时间/s’);
grid on;
N=length(handles.x);
df=Fs/N;
w=[0:df:df*(N-1)] - Fs/2; %频率尺度
X=fft(handles.x);
X=fftshift(X);
axes(handles.axes2);
plot(w,abs(X)/max(abs(X)));
axis([-10000,10000,0,1]);
title(‘语音频谱’);
xlabel(‘频率/Hz’);
grid on;
x2=x;
end
% — Executes on button press in play_pushbutton2.
function play_pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to play_pushbutton2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
global x2;
global Fs;
sound(x2,Fs);
% — Executes on button press in add_pushbutton3.
function add_pushbutton3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to add_pushbutton3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
global x;
global Fs;
global tl;
global x2;
axes(handles.axes1);
size(x);
t=0:1/Fs:(length(x)-1)/Fs;%将所加噪声信号的点数调整到与原始信号相同
Au=0.07;
fn = get(handles.noise_edit2,‘string’); %噪声频率
fn = str2double(fn);
noise=Aucos(2pifnt)'; %噪声为频率
x=x+noise;
plot(tl,x);
title(‘加入噪声后语音时域波形’);
xlabel(‘时间/s’);
grid on;
N=length(x);
df=Fs/N;
w=[0:df:df*(N-1)] - Fs/2; %频率尺度
X=fft(x);
X=fftshift(X);
axes(handles.axes2);
plot(w,abs(X)/max(abs(X)));
axis([-10000,10000,0,1]);
title(‘加入噪声后语音频谱’);
xlabel(‘频率/Hz’);
grid on;
x2=x;
% — Executes on button press in low_pushbutton5.
function low_pushbutton5_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to low_pushbutton5 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
global x;
global Fs;
global tl;
global x2;
x1=x;
% fp=1000;
% fs = 1000;
% Wp = 2fp/Fs;
% Ws = 2fs/Fs;
% if(Wp >= 1)
% Wp = 0.99;
% end
% if(Ws >= 1)
% Ws = 0.99;
% end
fp = get(handles.edit3,‘string’);
fp = str2double(fp)2;
if get(handles.radiobutton1,‘value’)
[n, Wn]=buttord(Wp,Ws, 2, 15);
[b, a]=butter(n, Wn,‘low’);
axes(handles.axes3);
[h,w]=freqz(b,a);
plot(w/piFs/2,abs(h));
x1=filter(b,a,x1); %调用函数滤波
elseif get(handles.radiobutton4,‘value’)
b2=fir1(30, fp/Fs, boxcar(31));
axes(handles.axes3);
[h,w]=freqz(b2, 1,512);
plot(w/piFs/2,20log(abs(h)));
x1=fftfilt(b2,x1);
elseif get(handles.radiobutton5,‘value’)
b2=fir1(30, fp/Fs, triang(31));
axes(handles.axes3);
[h,w]=freqz(b2, 1,512);
plot(w/piFs/2,20log(abs(h)));
x1=fftfilt(b2,x1);
elseif get(handles.radiobutton6,‘value’)
b2=fir1(30, fp/Fs, hamming(31));
axes(handles.axes3);
[h,w]=freqz(b2, 1,512);
plot(w/piFs/2,20log(abs(h)));
x1=fftfilt(b2,x1);
elseif get(handles.radiobutton7,‘value’)
b2=fir1(30, fp/Fs, hanning(31));
axes(handles.axes3);
[h,w]=freqz(b2, 1,512);
plot(w/piFs/2,20log(abs(h)));
x1=fftfilt(b2,x1);
elseif get(handles.radiobutton8,‘value’)
b2=fir1(30, fp/Fs, blackman(31));
axes(handles.axes3);
[h,w]=freqz(b2, 1,512);
plot(w/piFs/2,20log(abs(h)));
x1=fftfilt(b2,x1);
elseif get(handles.radiobutton9,‘value’)
b2=fir1(30,fp/Fs, kaiser(31));
axes(handles.axes3);
[h,w]=freqz(b2, 1,512);
plot(w/piFs/2,20log(abs(h)));
x1=fftfilt(b2,x1);
end;
axes(handles.axes5);
plot(tl,x1);
title(‘滤除噪声后语音时域波形’);
xlabel(‘时间/s’);
N=length(x1);
df=Fs/N;
w=[0:df:df*(N-1)] - Fs/2; %频率尺度
X=fft(x1);
X=fftshift(X);
axes(handles.axes6);
plot(w,abs(X)/max(abs(X)));
axis([-10000,10000,0,1]);
title(‘滤除噪声后语音频谱’);
xlabel(‘频率/Hz’);
grid on;
x2=x1;
% — Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function low_pushbutton5_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to low_pushbutton5 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% — Executes on button press in pushbutton6.
function noise_edit2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to noise_edit2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: get(hObject,‘String’) returns contents of noise_edit2 as text
% str2double(get(hObject,‘String’)) returns contents of noise_edit2 as a double
% — Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function noise_edit2_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to noise_edit2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,‘BackgroundColor’), get(0,‘defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor’))
set(hObject,‘BackgroundColor’,‘white’);
end
% — Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function add_pushbutton3_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to add_pushbutton3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% — Executes on button press in guass_pushbutton8.
function guass_pushbutton8_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to guass_pushbutton8 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
global x;
global Fs;
global tl;
global x2;
N=length(x);
axes(handles.axes1);
%x = awgn(x,15);
noise=(max(x(:,1))/5)*randn(N,2);
x=x+noise;
plot(tl,x);
title(‘加入噪声后语音时域波形’);
xlabel(‘时间/s’);
grid on;
⛄三、运行结果
⛄四、matlab版本及参考文献
1 matlab版本
2014a
2 参考文献
[1]韩纪庆,张磊,郑铁然.语音信号处理（第3版）[M].清华大学出版社，2019.
[2]柳若边.深度学习:语音识别技术实践[M].清华大学出版社，2019.
3 备注
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