【图像配准】互相关图像配准【含GUI Matlab源码 853期】

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⛄一、互相关简介

在这里我想探讨一下“互相关”中的一些概念。正如卷积有线性卷积（linear convolution）和循环卷积（circular convolution）之分；互相关也有线性互相关（linear cross-correlation）和循环互相关（circular cross-correlation）。线性互相关和循环互相关的基本公式是一致的，不同之处在于如何处理边界数据。其本质的不同在于它们对原始数据的看法不同。通过这篇文章，我想整理一下相关概念，并给出示例。

1 线性相关（Linear Cross-Correlation）的定义和计算




用一个实际的应用例子来验证一下吧。如图3的第一个子图表示雷达声纳发射了一个探测信号。经过一段时间之后，收到了如图3的第二个子图所示的回波（带有一定的噪声）。此时我们关注的是如何确定回波中从何时开始是对探测信号的响应，以便计算目标距雷达的距离，这就需要用到线性互相关。在第三个子图中的‘Valid’曲线即是有效互相关数据，其中清晰地呈现出两处与探测信号相似的回波的位置。

线性互相关中，还有一些概念值得注意：

1 补零。由线性相关的计算式不难发现，为了计算出个完整的相关系数序列（包含那些“无效数据”在内的所有结果），需要用到一些“不存在”的点。这就需要人为地对这些值进行补充，在线性相关的计算中，对这些超出原始数据储存的区域取值为零。
2 末端效应。由图1可以发现，一头一尾的个互相关数据并没有完全“嵌入”两个原始数组的全部信息，它们或多或少地受到了人为补零的影响。因此一般认为这些数据是不可用的。
3 计算模式的选择。这个问题其实是由问题二衍生而来的，就Python语言中的函数而言，至少有两个可以直接计算线性相关：

2 循环互相关（Circular Cross-Correlation）的定义和计算

⛄二、部分源代码

function varargout = xiangguan(varargin)
% XIANGGUAN M-file for xiangguan.fig
% XIANGGUAN, by itself, creates a new XIANGGUAN or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = XIANGGUAN returns the handle to a new XIANGGUAN or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% XIANGGUAN(‘CALLBACK’,hObject,eventData,handles,…) calls the local
% function named CALLBACK in XIANGGUAN.M with the given input arguments.
%
% XIANGGUAN(‘Property’,‘Value’,…) creates a new XIANGGUAN or raises the
% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are
% applied to the GUI before xiangguan_OpeningFunction gets called. An
% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
% stop. All inputs are passed to xiangguan_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE’s Tools menu. Choose “GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)”.
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES

% Edit the above text to modify the response to help xiangguan

% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 20-Apr-2014 10:31:06

% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct(‘gui_Name’, mfilename, …
‘gui_Singleton’, gui_Singleton, …
‘gui_OpeningFcn’, @xiangguan_OpeningFcn, …
‘gui_OutputFcn’, @xiangguan_OutputFcn, …
‘gui_LayoutFcn’, [] , …
‘gui_Callback’, []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end

if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT

% — Executes just before xiangguan is made visible.
function xiangguan_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to xiangguan (see VARARGIN)

% Choose default command line output for xiangguan
handles.output = hObject;

% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);

% UIWAIT makes xiangguan wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);

% — Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = xiangguan_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;

% — Executes on button press in first_picture.
function first_picture_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to first_picture (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
subplot(3,3,2)
[filename,pathname]=uigetfile({‘.jpg;.tif;.png;.gif’,‘All Image Files’;…
‘.’,‘All Files’ },‘open’); %打开路径下要检索的图像
if isequal([filename,pathname],[0,0])
return
else
%读取图片
pic = fullfile(pathname,filename);
global onion;
onion = imread(pic);
imshow(onion);
end

% — Executes on button press in second_picture.
function second_picture_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to second_picture (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)

subplot(3,3,3)
[filename,pathname]=uigetfile({‘.jpg;.tif;.png;.gif’,‘All Image Files’;…
‘.’,‘All Files’ },‘open’); %打开路径下要检索的图像
if isequal([filename,pathname],[0,0])
return
else
%读取图片
pict = fullfile(pathname,filename);
global peppers;
peppers = imread(pict);
imshow(peppers);
end

% — Executes on button press in correlation.
function correlation_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to correlation (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
subplot(3,3,5)
global onion;
global peppers;
% non-interactively
rect_onion = [111 33 65 58];
rect_peppers = [163 47 143 151];
sub_onion = imcrop(onion,rect_onion);
sub_peppers = imcrop(peppers,rect_peppers);
c = normxcorr2(sub_onion(:,:,1),sub_peppers(:,:,1));
surf©, shading flat

% — Executes on button press in overlay.
function overlay_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to overlay (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
subplot(3,3,6)
global onion;
global peppers;
% non-interactively
rect_onion = [111 33 65 58];
rect_peppers = [163 47 143 151];
sub_onion = imcrop(onion,rect_onion);
sub_peppers = imcrop(peppers,rect_peppers);
c = normxcorr2(sub_onion(:,:,1),sub_peppers(:,:,1));

% offset found by correlation
[max_c, imax] = max(abs(c(😃));
[ypeak, xpeak] = ind2sub(size©,imax(1));
corr_offset = [(xpeak-size(sub_onion,2))
(ypeak-size(sub_onion,1))];
% relative offset of position of subimages
rect_offset = [(rect_peppers(1)-rect_onion(1))
(rect_peppers(2)-rect_onion(2))];
% total offset
offset = corr_offset + rect_offset;
xoffset = offset(1);
yoffset = offset(2);
xbegin = round(xoffset+1);
xend = round(xoffset+ size(onion,2));
ybegin = round(yoffset+1);
yend = round(yoffset+size(onion,1));
% extract region from peppers and compare to onion
extracted_onion = peppers(ybegin:yend,xbegin:xend,:);
if isequal(onion,extracted_onion)
disp(‘onion.png was extracted from peppers.png’)
end
recovered_onion = uint8(zeros(size(peppers)));
recovered_onion(ybegin:yend,xbegin:xend,:) = onion;
imshow(recovered_onion)

% — Executes on button press in transparent.
function transparent_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to transparent (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
subplot(3,3,8)
global onion;
global peppers;
% non-interactively
rect_onion = [111 33 65 58];
rect_peppers = [163 47 143 151];
sub_onion = imcrop(onion,rect_onion);
sub_peppers = imcrop(peppers,rect_peppers);
c = normxcorr2(sub_onion(:,:,1),sub_peppers(:,:,1));
% offset found by correlation
[max_c, imax] = max(abs(c(😃));
[ypeak, xpeak] = ind2sub(size©,imax(1));
corr_offset = [(xpeak-size(sub_onion,2))
(ypeak-size(sub_onion,1))];
% relative offset of position of subimages
rect_offset = [(rect_peppers(1)-rect_onion(1))
(rect_peppers(2)-rect_onion(2))];

⛄三、运行结果

⛄四、matlab版本及参考文献

1 matlab版本
2014a

2 参考文献
[1]谢凤英,姜志国.基于互相关的显微医学图像配准[J].中国体视学与图像分析. 2001,(03)

3 备注
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