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Passing by Reference

   You can pass a variable by reference to a function so the function   can modify the variable. The syntax is as follows:   

<?php
function foo(&$var)
{
    $var++;
}

$a=5;
foo($a);
// $a is 6 here
?>

Note:            There is no reference sign on a function call - only on      function definitions. Function definitions alone are enough to      correctly pass the argument by reference.  As of PHP 5.3.0,      you will get a warning saying that "call-time pass-by-reference" is      deprecated when you use & in foo(&$a);.       And as of PHP 5.4.0, call-time pass-by-reference was removed, so      using it will raise a fatal error.    

  The following things can be passed by reference:  

•       Variables, i.e. foo($a)
•       New statements, i.e. foo(new foobar())

•       References returned from functions, i.e.:   

  <?php
function foo(&$var)
{
    $var++;
}
function &bar()
{
    $a = 5;
    return $a;
}
foo(bar());
?>
      See more about returning by reference.     

  No other expressions should be passed by reference, as the  result is undefined. For example, the following examples of passing  by reference are invalid:   

<?php
function foo(&$var)
{
    $var++;
}
function bar() // Note the missing &
{
    $a = 5;
    return $a;
}
foo(bar()); // Produces fatal error since PHP 5.0.5

foo($a = 5); // Expression, not variable
foo(5); // Produces fatal error
?>

    These requirements are for PHP 4.0.4 and later.