前言:
这一讲紧接着前面的“潜在规则”,讨论了不同玩家对于游戏作弊的不同看法。
CMS.300 – Intro to Video Game Theory
Session 6 – CHEATING 游戏作弊
Readings
Consalro, Cheating (Ch. 4)
Concepts/Keywords
· Cheating 作弊
· Spoilsport 扫兴的人
· Gaming Capital 游戏资本
· Contrast unwritten rules vs. hard/soft rules 比较潜在规则与硬/软规则
Goals
· Extend concepts from previous class
扩展上一讲所学的概念
· Understand how players extend/understand games (1st pass)
理解玩家是如何扩展/理解游戏的
- Define cheating: gaining unfair advantage
作弊的定义:获得不公平的优势
· List of “cheating” devices 作弊的设备
· Friends 场外朋友
· Walkthroughs 通关视频
· Guides 游戏指南
· Cheat Codes 作弊码
· Unlockables 可解锁物品
· Hacks 黑客手段
· Q: What about DLC content? 那 DLC内容算不算作弊呢?
· Definition depends on who you ask and what they consider cheating, there are 3 levels:
(1)不同的玩家对于作弊行为有不同的理解,主要可以分为3个层次:
·Purists: No info from outside to keep the 'magic' (though it may be okay if stuck) External info OK once the game has been completed 纯粹主义者:拒绝一切外部信息来保持游戏“魔法圈”的存在(如果卡关了也可以作弊),只要自己了通关一次,以后做不做弊随意
·Middle-Ground: Anything that isn't cheat codes, unlockables, changing code is OK 中立者:任何不是作弊代码、可解锁物品、更改代码的东西都不是作弊
(no breaking the hard rules/code of games,不打破游戏的硬规则)
· Loose Approach : anything that does not affect other players - “one cannot cheat the computer” 宽松的定义:任何不影响其他玩家的东西都不是作弊,“人不能欺骗电脑”
(2)Why cheating? 为什么作弊?
· go faster, save time加快游戏速度,节约时间
· make game experience more pleasure 增强游戏的乐趣
· experience the full game 体验整个游戏
1 stuck -> continue game play 解决卡关
2 finished the game but want explore more detail and secrets 通关了但想探索更多
· experiment, PAIDIA type of play, “game the system” 拿游戏系统做实验
Discuss:
Written/Unwritten Rules (Sniderman) vs. Hard/Soft Rules (Consalvo)
书面/潜在规则 vs. 硬/软规则
· Are they the same? 它们是一回事吗?
Written rules equals to Hard rules. While unwritten rules is the soft rules that interpreted by the third type of players. The rules which one breaks will affect others. 书面规则等于硬规则。而潜在规则则是由第三类玩家解释的软规则。一种违反会对其他人造成影响的规则。
· Compare Sniderman's approach to rule breaking to Consalvo.
比较这两人的研究方法上的差异
Sniderman’s rule breaking was conducted on MMORPG and himself was a player of such types of game. Thus, he missed other possibility in other types of game, while Consalvo’s survey did. Sniderman的违规行为是在MMORPG上进行的,他自己就是这类游戏的玩家。因此,他错过了在其他类型的游戏中可能存在的其他可能性,而Consalvo的问卷调查显示确实如此。
Was Twixt cheating? Or was he following the rules?
(3) Apply concepts to speed runs:
Show Super Mario Bros. Speed run –
· Is that cheating? How do we define what happens in light of Consalvo's discussion.
· See terms from the Demo speed run website
· why do the consider certain devices cheating?
· Show Mega Man 1 to 2 simultaneous speed run
· It's cheating, but according to who?
· What is the goal?
· Bending the rules, cheating one's own game – Mario 64 avoiding 1-UP,