【频率分析法介绍与Python程序代码实现（一）】

频率分析法介绍

频率分析是一种密码学中常用的技术，用于破解替换密码或者其他简单加密算法。

它基于一个简单的观察：
在任何自然语言中，某些字母或字母组合出现的频率比其他字母高。

通过统计加密文本中字母或字母组合的出现频率，可以推测出加密算法中使用的替换规则，从而还原出原始的明文。

频率分析的基本思路：首先统计加密文本中每个字母或字母组合的出现次数，然后与已知的自然语言字母频率进行比较。

通常来说，英语中字母E的出现频率最高，其次是T、A、O等。通过比较加密文本中各个字母的频率与自然语言中的频率，可以推测出加密文本中每个字母对应的明文字母。

然而，频率分析并不是一种完美的破解方法。它对于简单的替换密码可能非常有效，但对于复杂的加密算法或者密钥长度较长的密码则无能为力。此外，如果加密文本样本太小，统计结果可能不够准确，导致破解失败。

Python程序代码示例

下面是一个频率分析的简单Python程序代码示例：

先创建一个字母表：

dic={chr(i+97):0 for i in range(26)}

频率统计函数：

def frequency_analysis(text):
    # 统计每个字符出现的频率
    # 大小写合并
    for char in text:
        if char in dic:
            dic[char] += 1
        elif char.lower() in dic:
            dic[char.lower()] += 1
            
    
    # 按照频率从高到低排序
    sorted_freq = sorted(dic.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
    
    # 输出结果
    for item in sorted_freq:
        print(item[0], ':', item[1])

输入与输出：

# 示例文本
text = "Hello, world!"

# 进行频率分析
frequency_analysis(text)

这段代码会统计文本中每个字母出现的频率，并按照频率从高到低进行排序输出。

将需要分析的文本赋值给text变量，然后调用frequency_analysis(text)函数进行分析。

大量文本进行测试：

text = '''1:1 亚伯拉罕的后裔，大卫的子孙，耶稣基督的家谱。（后裔子孙原文都作儿子下同）
The book of the generation of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham.
 
1:2 亚伯拉罕生以撒。以撒生雅各。雅各生犹大和他的弟兄。
Abraham begat Isaac; and Isaac begat Jacob; and Jacob begat Judas and his brethren;
 
1:3 犹大从他玛氏生法勒斯和谢拉。法勒斯生希斯仑。希斯仑生亚兰。
And Judas begat Phares and Zara of Thamar; and Phares begat Esrom; and Esrom begat Aram;
 
1:4 亚兰生亚米拿达。亚米拿达生拿顺。拿顺生撒门。
And Aram begat Aminadab; and Aminadab begat Naasson; and Naasson begat Salmon;
 
1:5 撒门从喇合氏生波阿斯。波阿斯从路得氏生俄备得。俄备得生耶西。
And Salmon begat Booz of Rachab; and Booz begat Obed of Ruth; and Obed begat Jesse;
 
1:6 耶西生大卫王。大卫从乌利亚的妻子生所罗门。
And Jesse begat David the king; and David the king begat Solomon of her that had been the wife of Urias;
 
1:7 所罗门生罗波安。罗波安生亚比雅。亚比雅生亚撒。
And Solomon begat Roboam; and Roboam begat Abia; and Abia begat Asa;
 
1:8 亚撒生约沙法。约沙法生约兰。约兰生乌西亚。
And Asa begat Josaphat; and Josaphat begat Joram; and Joram begat Ozias;
 
1:9 乌西亚生约坦。约坦生亚哈斯。亚哈斯生希西家。
And Ozias begat Joatham; and Joatham begat Achaz; and Achaz begat Ezekias;
 
1:10 希西家生玛拿西。玛拿西生亚们。亚们生约西亚。
And Ezekias begat Manasses; and Manasses begat Amon; and Amon begat Josias;
 
1:11 百姓被迁到巴比伦的时候，约西亚生耶哥尼雅和他的弟兄。
And Josias begat Jechonias and his brethren, about the time they were carried away to Babylon:
 
1:12 迁到巴比伦之后，耶哥尼雅生撒拉铁。撒拉铁生所罗巴伯。
And after they were brought to Babylon, Jechonias begat Salathiel; and Salathiel begat Zorobabel;
 
1:13 所罗巴伯生亚比玉。亚比玉生以利亚敬。以利亚敬生亚所。
And Zorobabel begat Abiud; and Abiud begat Eliakim; and Eliakim begat Azor;
 
1:14 亚所生撒督。撒督生亚金。亚金生以律。
And Azor begat Sadoc; and Sadoc begat Achim; and Achim begat Eliud;
 
1:15 以律生以利亚撒。以利亚撒生马但。马但生雅各。
And Eliud begat Eleazar; and Eleazar begat Matthan; and Matthan begat Jacob;
 
1:16 雅各生约瑟，就是马利亚的丈夫。那称为基督的耶稣，是从马利亚生的。
And Jacob begat Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, who is called Christ.
 
1:17 这样，从亚伯拉罕到大卫，共有十四代。从大卫到迁至巴比伦的时候，也有十四代。从迁至巴比伦的时候到基督，又有十四代。
So all the generations from Abraham to David are fourteen generations; and from David until the carrying away into Babylon are fourteen generations; and from the carrying away into Babylon unto Christ are fourteen generations.
 
1:18 耶稣基督降生的事，记在下面。他母亲马利亚已经许配了约瑟，还没有迎娶，马利亚就从圣灵怀了孕。
Now the birth of Jesus Christ was on this wise: When as his mother Mary was espoused to Joseph, before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Ghost.
 
1:19 他丈夫约瑟是个义人，不愿意明明的羞辱他，想暗暗的把他休了。
Then Joseph her husband, being a just man, and not willing to make her a publick example, was minded to put her away privily.
 
1:20 正思念这事的时候，有主的使者向他梦中显现，说大卫的子孙约瑟，不要怕，只管娶过你的妻子马利亚来。因他所怀的孕，是从圣灵来的。
But while he thought on these things, behold, the angel of the LORD appeared unto him in a dream, saying, Joseph, thou son of David, fear not to take unto thee Mary thy wife: for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Ghost.
 
1:21 他将要生一个儿子。你要给他起名叫耶稣。因他要将自己的百姓从罪恶里救出来。
And she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name JESUS: for he shall save his people from their sins.
 
1:22 这一切的事成就，是要应验主藉先知所说的话，
Now all this was done, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the prophet, saying,
 
1:23 说，必有童女，怀孕生子，人要称他的名为以马内利。（以马内利翻出来，就是神与我们同在
Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us.
 
1:24 约瑟醒了，起来，就遵着主使者的吩咐，把妻子娶过来。
Then Joseph being raised from sleep did as the angel of the Lord had bidden him, and took unto him his wife:
 
1:25 只是没有和他同房，等他生了儿子，（有古卷作等他生了头胎的儿子）就给他起名叫耶稣。
And knew her not till she had brought forth her firstborn son: and he called his name JESUS.'''