莫烦pytorch 循环神经网络（分类）

MNIST手写数据

import torch
from torch import nn
import torchvision.datasets as Data
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

torch.manual_seed(1)
EPOCH = 1
BATCH_SIZE = 64
TIME_STEP = 28 #rnn时间补数/图片宽度
INPUT_SIZE = 28 #rnn每步输入值/图片每行像素
LR = 0.01
DOWNLOAD_MNIST = True

train_data = torchvision.datasets.MNIST(
	root='./mnist',
	train=True,
	transform=torchvision.transforms.ToTensor(),
	download=DOWNLOAD_MNIST，
)

同样，我们除了训练数据，还给一些测试数据，测试看看它有没有训练好。

test_data = torchvision.datasets.MNIST(
	root='./mnist',
	train=False,
)
train_loader = Data.DataLoader(dataset=train_data, shuffle=True, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE)
test_x = torch.unsqueeze(test_data.test_data, dim=1).type(torch.FloatTensor)[:2000]/255.
test_y = test_data.test_labels[:2000]

函数剖析：
pytorch学习 中 torch.squeeze() 和torch.unsqueeze()的用法

RNN模型
我们用一个class来建立RNN，这个RNN整体流程是

1. (input0, state0) -> LSTM -> (output0, state1);
2. (input1, state1) -> LSTM -> (output1, state2);
3. …
4. (inputN, stateN)-> LSTM -> (outputN, stateN+1);
5. output -> Linear -> prediction.通过LSTM分析每一时刻的值，并且将这一时刻和前面时刻的理解合并在一起，生成当前时刻对前面数据的理解或记忆。传递这种理解给下一个时刻分析。

class RNN(nn.Module):
	def __init__(self):
		super(RNN,self).__init__()
		self.rnn = nn.LSTM(
			input_size=28,
			hidden_size=64,
			num_layers=1,
			batch_size=True, # input & output 会是以 batch size 为第一维度的特征集 e.g. (batch, time_step, input_size)
		)
		self.output = nn.Linear(64, 10)

	def forward(self, x):
		# x shape (batch, time_step, input_size)
		# r_out shape (batch, time_step, output_size)
		# h_n shape (n_layers, batch, hidden_size)   LSTM 有两个 hidden states, h_n 是分线, h_c 是主线
        # h_c shape (n_layers, batch, hidden_size)
		r_out, (h_n, h_c) = rnn(x)
		out = self.output(r_out[:,-1,:])
		return out

rnn = RNN()
print(rnn)

结果：

"""
RNN (
  (rnn): LSTM(28, 64, batch_first=True)
  (out): Linear (64 -> 10)
)
"""

函数剖析：

class torch.nn.RNN(* args, ** kwargs)

将一个多层的Elman RNN，激活函数为tanh或者ReLU，由于输入序列。

对于序列中每个元素，RNN每层的计算公式为$$ht=tanh(wihxt+bih+w_{hh}ht-1+bhh)$$ $h_t$是时刻$t$的隐状态，或者是第一层在时刻$t$的输入。如果nonlinearity=‘relu’，那么将使用relu代替tanh作为激活函数。
参数说明：
# input_size - 输入x的特征数量。
# hidden_size - 隐层的特征数量。
# num_layers - RNN的层数。
# nonlinearity - 指定非线性函数使用tanh还是relu。默认是tanh
# bias - 如果是False, 那么RNN层就不会使用偏置权重$b_{i}nh$和$b_{h}h$，默认是True
#batch_first - 如果True的话，那么输入Tensor的shape应该是[batch_size, time_step, feature]，输出也是这样。
# dropout - 如果值非零，那么除了最后一层外，其他层的输出都会套上一个dropout层。
# bidirectional - 如果True，将会变成一个双向RNN，默认为False。

RNN的输入：(input, h_0)
#input(seq_len, batch, input_size): 保存输入序列特征的tensor。input可以是被填充的变长的序列。细节请看torch.nn.utils.rnn.pack_padded_sequence()
# h_0 (num_layers * num_directions, batch, hidden_size): 保存着初始隐状态的tensor

RNN的输出： (output, h_n)
# output (seq_len, batch, hidden_size * num_directions): 保存着RNN最后一层的输出特征。如果输入是被填充过的序列，那么输出也是被填充的序列。
# h_n (num_layers * num_directions, batch, hidden_size): 保存着最后一个时刻的隐状态。

RNN模型参数：
# weight_ih_l[k] - 第k层的 input-hidden 权重， 可学习，形状是(input_size x hidden_size)。
# weight_hh_l[k] - 第k层的 hidden-hidden 权重， 可学习，形状是(hidden_size x hidden_size)
# bias_ih_l[k] - 第k层的 input-hidden 偏置， 可学习，形状是(hidden_size)
# bias_hh_l[k] - 第k层的 hidden-hidden 偏置， 可学习，形状是(hidden_size)

实例：

rnn = nn.RNN(10, 20, 2)
input = Variable(torch.randn(5, 3, 10))
h0 = Variable(torch.randn(2, 3, 20))
output, hn = rnn(input, h0)

训练

我们将图片数据看成一个时间上的连续数据，每一行的像素点都是这个时刻的输入，读完整张图片就是从上而下的读完了每行的像素点。然后我们就可以拿出RNN在最后一步的分析值判断图片是哪一类了。下面的代码省略了计算accuracy的部分。

optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(rnn.parameters(), lr=LR)
loss_func = nn.CrossEntryLoss()

for epoch in range(EPOCH):
	for step, (b_x, b_y) in enumerate(train_loader):
		b_x = x.view(-1, 28, 28)

		output = rnn(b_x)
		loss = loss_func(output, b_y)
		optimizer.zero_grad()
		loss.backward()
		optimizer.step()

"""
...
Epoch:  0 | train loss: 0.0945 | test accuracy: 0.94
Epoch:  0 | train loss: 0.0984 | test accuracy: 0.94
Epoch:  0 | train loss: 0.0332 | test accuracy: 0.95
Epoch:  0 | train loss: 0.1868 | test accuracy: 0.96
"""

最后我们再来取10个数据，看看预测的值到底对不对：

test_output = rnn(test_x[:10].view(-1, 28, 28))
pred_y = torch.max(test_output)[test_output, 1][1].data.numpy().squeeze()
print(pred_y, 'prediction number')
print(test_y[:10],'real number')

结果：

"""
[7 2 1 0 4 1 4 9 5 9] prediction number
[7 2 1 0 4 1 4 9 5 9] real number
"""

完整代码：

import torch
from torch import nn
import torchvision.datasets as dsets
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


# torch.manual_seed(1)    # reproducible

# Hyper Parameters
EPOCH = 1               # train the training data n times, to save time, we just train 1 epoch
BATCH_SIZE = 64
TIME_STEP = 28          # rnn time step / image height
INPUT_SIZE = 28         # rnn input size / image width
LR = 0.01               # learning rate
DOWNLOAD_MNIST = True   # set to True if haven't download the data


# Mnist digital dataset
train_data = dsets.MNIST(
    root='./mnist/',
    train=True,                         # this is training data
    transform=transforms.ToTensor(),    # Converts a PIL.Image or numpy.ndarray to
                                        # torch.FloatTensor of shape (C x H x W) and normalize in the range [0.0, 1.0]
    download=DOWNLOAD_MNIST,            # download it if you don't have it
)

# plot one example
print(train_data.train_data.size())     # (60000, 28, 28)
print(train_data.train_labels.size())   # (60000)
plt.imshow(train_data.train_data[0].numpy(), cmap='gray')
plt.title('%i' % train_data.train_labels[0])
plt.show()

# Data Loader for easy mini-batch return in training
train_loader = torch.utils.data.DataLoader(dataset=train_data, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=True)

# convert test data into Variable, pick 2000 samples to speed up testing
test_data = dsets.MNIST(root='./mnist/', train=False, transform=transforms.ToTensor())
test_x = test_data.test_data.type(torch.FloatTensor)[:2000]/255.   # shape (2000, 28, 28) value in range(0,1)
test_y = test_data.test_labels.numpy()[:2000]    # covert to numpy array


class RNN(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(RNN, self).__init__()

        self.rnn = nn.LSTM(         # if use nn.RNN(), it hardly learns
            input_size=INPUT_SIZE,
            hidden_size=64,         # rnn hidden unit
            num_layers=1,           # number of rnn layer
            batch_first=True,       # input & output will has batch size as 1s dimension. e.g. (batch, time_step, input_size)
        )

        self.out = nn.Linear(64, 10)

    def forward(self, x):
        # x shape (batch, time_step, input_size)
        # r_out shape (batch, time_step, output_size)
        # h_n shape (n_layers, batch, hidden_size)
        # h_c shape (n_layers, batch, hidden_size)
        r_out, (h_n, h_c) = self.rnn(x, None)   # None represents zero initial hidden state

        # choose r_out at the last time step
        out = self.out(r_out[:, -1, :])
        return out


rnn = RNN()
print(rnn)

optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(rnn.parameters(), lr=LR)   # optimize all cnn parameters
loss_func = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()                       # the target label is not one-hotted

# training and testing
for epoch in range(EPOCH):
    for step, (b_x, b_y) in enumerate(train_loader):        # gives batch data
        b_x = b_x.view(-1, 28, 28)              # reshape x to (batch, time_step, input_size)

        output = rnn(b_x)                               # rnn output
        loss = loss_func(output, b_y)                   # cross entropy loss
        optimizer.zero_grad()                           # clear gradients for this training step
        loss.backward()                                 # backpropagation, compute gradients
        optimizer.step()                                # apply gradients

        if step % 50 == 0:
            test_output = rnn(test_x)                   # (samples, time_step, input_size)
            pred_y = torch.max(test_output, 1)[1].data.numpy()
            accuracy = float((pred_y == test_y).astype(int).sum()) / float(test_y.size)
            print('Epoch: ', epoch, '| train loss: %.4f' % loss.data.numpy(), '| test accuracy: %.2f' % accuracy)

# print 10 predictions from test data
test_output = rnn(test_x[:10].view(-1, 28, 28))
pred_y = torch.max(test_output, 1)[1].data.numpy()
print(pred_y, 'prediction number')
print(test_y[:10], 'real number')