4.
(1)
P
(
X
=
k
)
=
q
k
−
1
p
,
k
=
1
,
2
,
3
,
.
.
.
P(X=k)=q^{k-1}p,k=1,2,3,...
P(X=k)=qk−1p,k=1,2,3,...
(2)
根据帕斯卡分布定义,其概率分布为
P
(
X
=
k
)
=
C
k
−
1
r
−
1
p
r
q
k
−
r
k
=
r
,
r
+
1
,
.
.
.
P(X=k)=C^{r-1}_{k-1}p^rq^{k-r}\quad k=r,r+1,...
P(X=k)=Ck−1r−1prqk−rk=r,r+1,...
(3)
P
(
X
=
k
)
=
0.45
∗
0.5
5
k
−
1
,
k
=
1
,
2
,
3
,
.
.
.
∑
k
=
1
∞
P
(
[
k
%
2
=
0
]
)
=
11
31
P(X=k)=0.45*0.55^{k-1} ,k=1,2,3,...\\ \sum_{k=1}^{∞}P([k\%2=0])=\frac{11}{31}
P(X=k)=0.45∗0.55k−1,k=1,2,3,...k=1∑∞P([k%2=0])=3111
8.
由于终端显示不全,仅在上面代码区展示
两个小问也在注释中说明。
15.
P ( X ≤ 10 ) = ∑ k = 0 10 C 5000 k ( 0.0015 ) k ( 1 − 0.0015 ) 5000 − k P(X\leq 10)=\sum_{k=0}^{10}C_{5000}^{k}(0.0015)^k(1-0.0015)^{5000-k} P(X≤10)=k=0∑10C5000k(0.0015)k(1−0.0015)5000−k
18.
F ( x ) = { 0 , x < 0 x a , 1 ≤ x < 2 1 , x ≥ 2 F(x)=\left\{\begin{aligned}0,\quad\quad\quad x<0\\\frac{x}{a},\quad1\leq x<2\\1,\quad\quad\quad x\geq2\end{aligned}\right. F(x)=⎩⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎧0,x<0ax,1≤x<21,x≥2
22.(1)
∫ − ∞ + ∞ f ( x ) = 1 x ≤ 0 F ( x ) = ∫ − ∞ x f ( x ) = ∫ − ∞ x 0 d x = 0 x > 0 F ( x ) = ∫ − ∞ 0 f ( x ) + ∫ 0 + ∞ f ( x ) = 0 + ∫ 0 + ∞ A x 2 e − x 2 b = ∫ 0 + ∞ − A b 2 x d e − x 2 b = − A b 2 x e − x 2 b | 0 + ∞ + A b 2 ∫ 0 + ∞ e − x 2 b d x = A b b 2 ∫ 0 + ∞ e − u 2 d u = A b b π 4 = 1 ⇒ A = 4 b b π \int_{-∞}^{+∞}f(x)=1\\ x\leq 0\quad F(x)=\int_{-∞}^{x}f(x)=\int_{-∞}^{x}0dx=0\\ x> 0\quad F(x)=\int_{-∞}^{0}f(x)+\int_{0}^{+∞}f(x)\\ =0+\int_{0}^{+∞}Ax^2e^{-\frac{x^2}{b}}\\ =\int_{0}^{+∞}-\frac{Ab}{2}xde^{-\frac{x^2}{b}}\\ =-\frac{Ab}{2}xe^{-\frac{x^2}{b}}|_{0}^{+∞}+\frac{Ab}{2}\int_{0}^{+∞}e^{-\frac{x^2}{b}}dx \\ =\frac{Ab\sqrt{b}}{2}\int_{0}^{+∞}e^{-u^2}du=\frac{Ab\sqrt{b\pi}}{4}=1 \\\Rightarrow A=\frac {4}{b\sqrt{b\pi}} ∫−∞+∞f(x)=1x≤0F(x)=∫−∞xf(x)=∫−∞x0dx=0x>0F(x)=∫−∞0f(x)+∫0+∞f(x)=0+∫0+∞Ax2e−bx2=∫0+∞−2Abxde−bx2=−2Abxe−bx2|0+∞+2Ab∫0+∞e−bx2dx=2Abb∫0+∞e−u2du=4Abbπ=1⇒A=bbπ4
23
x ≤ 1000 F ( x ) = ∫ − ∞ x f ( x ) = ∫ − ∞ x 0 d x = 0 x > 1000 F ( x ) = ∫ − ∞ 1000 f ( x ) + ∫ 1000 x f ( x ) = 0 − 1000 x | 1000 x = − 1000 x + 1 x\leq 1000\quad F(x)=\int_{-∞}^{x}f(x)=\int_{-∞}^{x}0dx=0\\ x> 1000\quad F(x)=\int_{-∞}^{1000}f(x)+\int_{1000}^{x}f(x)\\ =0-\frac{1000}{x}|_{1000}^{x}=-\frac{1000}{x}+1 x≤1000F(x)=∫−∞xf(x)=∫−∞x0dx=0x>1000F(x)=∫−∞1000f(x)+∫1000xf(x)=0−x1000|1000x=−x1000+1
一只器件寿命大于
1500
h
1500h
1500h的概率是
p
=
1
3
p=\frac{1}{3}
p=31
P
{
x
≥
2
}
=
1
−
C
5
1
(
1
−
p
)
4
p
−
(
1
−
p
)
5
=
232
243
P\{x\geq 2\}=1-C_{5}^{1}(1-p)^4p-(1-p)^5=\frac{232}{243}
P{x≥2}=1−C51(1−p)4p−(1−p)5=243232
24
x < 0 ∫ − ∞ x f ( x ) d x = 0 x > 0 ∫ − ∞ 0 f ( x ) d x + ∫ 0 x f ( x ) d x = 1 − e − x 5 p ( x > 10 ) = 1 − p ( x ≤ 10 ) = 1 − ( 1 − e − 2 ) = e − 2 p ( Y = k ) = C 5 k e − 2 k ( 1 − e − 2 ) 5 − k x<0 \ \ \ \int_{-∞}^{x}f(x)dx=0 \\x>0 \ \ \int_{-∞}^{0}f(x)dx+\int_{0}^{x}f(x)dx=1-e^{-\frac{x}{5}}\\ p(x>10)=1-p(x\leq 10) =1-(1-e^{-2})=e^{-2}\\ p(Y=k)=C_{5}^{k}e^{-2k}(1-e^{-2})^{5-k} x<0 ∫−∞xf(x)dx=0x>0 ∫−∞0f(x)dx+∫0xf(x)dx=1−e−5xp(x>10)=1−p(x≤10)=1−(1−e−2)=e−2p(Y=k)=C5ke−2k(1−e−2)5−k
p ( Y ≥ 1 ) = 1 − ( 1 − e − 2 ) 5 = 0.516 p(Y\geq 1)=1-(1-e^{-2})^5=0.516 p(Y≥1)=1−(1−e−2)5=0.516
27
31
A
A
A为指示灯亮绿灯的概率
P
(
A
)
=
0.2
P(A)=0.2
P(A)=0.2,则
F
(
x
)
=
{
0
,
x
≤
0
0.2
+
0.8
x
,
0
<
x
≤
30
1
,
o
t
h
e
r
w
i
s
e
F(x)=\left\{\begin{aligned} 0,\quad\quad \quad \quad \quad \quad x\leq 0\\ 0.2+\frac{0.8}{x},0<x\leq 30\\ 1 \quad \quad \quad \quad ,otherwise \end{aligned}\right.
F(x)=⎩⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎧0,x≤00.2+x0.8,0<x≤301,otherwise
X X X不是连续型随机变量, F ( x ) F(x) F(x)在 x = 0 x=0 x=0点不连续,且不存在一点集,是 F ( x ) F(x) F(x)在这个点集上取值的概率为1,即已不是离散型随机变量。