已知数列 { a n } \{a_n\} {an} 的前 n n n 项和为 S n S_n Sn ，且满足 S n = a n + n 2 + 1 , ( n ∈ N ∗ ) S_n=a_n+n^2+1,(n\in N^*) Sn=an+n2+1,(n∈N∗).
(1) 求 { a n } \{a_n\} {an} 的通项公式；
(2) 求证： 1 S 1 + 1 S 2 + ⋯ + 1 S n < 3 4 \dfrac{1}{S_1}+\dfrac{1}{S_2}+\cdots+\dfrac{1}{S_n}<\dfrac{3}{4} S11+S21+⋯+Sn1<43.
[解析]
(1) 由
S
n
=
a
n
+
n
2
+
1.
S_n=a_n+n^2+1.
Sn=an+n2+1.得
S
n
+
1
=
a
n
+
1
+
(
n
+
1
)
2
+
1.
S_{n+1}=a_{n+1}+(n+1)^2+1.
Sn+1=an+1+(n+1)2+1.两式相减得
a
n
=
2
n
+
1.
a_n=2n+1.
an=2n+1.
(2)由(1)得
S
n
=
n
(
n
+
2
)
S_n=n(n+2)
Sn=n(n+2)，所以
   1 S 1 + 1 S 2 + ⋯ + 1 S n \quad\;\dfrac{1}{S_1}+\dfrac{1}{S_2}+\cdots+\dfrac{1}{S_n} S11+S21+⋯+Sn1
= 1 1 × 3 + 1 2 × 4 + 1 3 × 5 + ⋯ + 1 ( n − 1 ) × ( n + 1 ) + 1 n × ( n + 2 ) =\dfrac{1}{1\times3}+\dfrac{1}{2\times4}+\dfrac{1}{3\times5}+\cdots+\dfrac{1}{(n-1) \times (n+1)}+\dfrac{1}{n\times(n+2)} =1×31+2×41+3×51+⋯+(n−1)×(n+1)1+n×(n+2)1
= 1 2 [ ( 1 − 1 3 ) + ( 1 2 − 1 4 ) + ( 1 3 − 1 5 ) + ⋯ + ( 1 n − 1 − 1 n + 1 ) + ( 1 n − 1 n + 2 ) ] =\dfrac{1}{2}[(1-\dfrac{1}{3})+(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{4})+(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5})+\cdots+(\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n+1})+(\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+2})] =21[(1−31)+(21−41)+(31−51)+⋯+(n−11−n+11)+(n1−n+21)]
= 1 2 ( 1 + 1 2 − 1 n + 1 − 1 n + 2 ) =\dfrac{1}{2}(1+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}-\dfrac{1}{n+2}) =21(1+21−n+11−n+21)
= 3 4 − 1 2 ( n + 1 ) − 1 2 ( n + 2 ) < 3 4 . =\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{1}{2(n+1)}-\dfrac{1}{2(n+2)}<\dfrac{3}{4}. =43−2(n+1)1−2(n+2)1<43.
4667
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
