下面主要是使用FixedLengthFrameDecoder应用开发
FixedLengthFrameDecoder是固定长度解码器,它能够按照指定的长度对消息进行自动解码,我们不需要去考虑TCP的粘包和拆包问题。同样上代码实例:
服务端代码:
package FixedLengthFrameDecoder;
import NettyFrameDecoder.EchoServerHandler;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.FixedLengthFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import sun.rmi.log.LogHandler;
/**
* Created by L_kanglin on 2017/6/12.
*/
public class EchoServerFixed {
public void bind(int port) throws Exception {
//配置服务端的线程组
EventLoopGroup bossGroup=new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workGroup=new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup,workGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG,100)
.handler(new LoggingHandler(LogHandler.class))
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
//创建FixedLengthFrameDecoder对象,长度设置为20
ch.pipeline().addLast(new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(20));
//将接收到的消息转化为字符串,将ByteBuf解码成字符串对象
ch.pipeline().addLast((new StringDecoder()));
//接收到的msg消息就是解码后的字符串对象
ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoServerHandlerFixed());
}
});
//绑定端口,同步等待成功
ChannelFuture f =b.bind(port).sync();
//等待服务端监听端口关闭
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally{
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int port=9030;
if(args !=null && args.length>0){
port=Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
}
new EchoServerFixed().bind(port);
}
}
package FixedLengthFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
/**
* Created by L_kanglin on 2017/6/12.
*/
public class EchoServerHandlerFixed extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
System.out.println("Receive client : [" +msg+ "]");
String body = (String) msg;
ByteBuf echo= Unpooled.copiedBuffer(body.getBytes());
ctx.writeAndFlush(echo);
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
cause.printStackTrace();
ctx.close();
}
}
客户端代码如下:
package FixedLengthFrameDecoderClient;
import NettyFrameDecoderClient.EchoClientHandler;
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.FixedLengthFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
/**
* Created by L_kanglin on 2017/6/12.
*/
public class EchoClientFixed {
public void connnect(int port,String host) throws InterruptedException {
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap b =new Bootstrap();
b.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY,true)
.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(20));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
ch.pipeline().addLast(new EchoClientHandlerFixed());
}
});
//发起异步连接操作
ChannelFuture f =b.connect(host,port).sync();
//等待客户端链路关闭
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally{
//优雅退出,释放NIO线程组
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
int port = 9030;
if(args !=null && args.length>0){
port=Integer.valueOf(args[0]);
}
new EchoClientFixed().connnect(port,"127.0.0.1");
}
}
package FixedLengthFrameDecoderClient;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
/**
* Created by L_kanglin on 2017/6/12.
*/
public class EchoClientHandlerFixed extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {
private int counter;
static final String ECHO_REQ="LiKanglin Welcome to Netty at WuHan";
public EchoClientHandlerFixed() {
}
//在TCP链路建立成功之后循环发送请求消息给服务端
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
//发送指定内容
ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(ECHO_REQ.getBytes()));
}
//打印接收到的服务端应答消息同时进行计数
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
System.out.println(" receive server:{ " + msg + "}");
}
@Override
public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
ctx.flush();
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
cause.printStackTrace();
ctx.close();
}
}
服务端运行如下:
Receive client : [LiKanglin Welcome to]
客户端运行如下:
receive server:{ LiKanglin Welcome to}
通过FixedLengthFrameDecoder解码器,每次会按照设置的固定长度进行解码,如果是半包消息,FixedLengthFrameDecoder会缓存半包消息并等待下个包到达后进行拼包,直到读取到一个完整的包。
总结:
通过熟练运用这两种解码器,即可完成很多消息的自动解码,并且不用考虑TCP的粘包和拆包导致的读半包问题,极大的提升了开发效率。
补充:重要的是记住什么情况下会发生TCP的粘包和拆包问题,主要是应用层、运输层、网络层,详情请看前面的部分。