opencv学习笔记（一）

1.图像处理：读取图像，显示图像，保存图像

import cv2 as cv

# Loads a color image. Any transparency of image will be neglected.
img1 = cv.imread('Lenna.png', cv.IMREAD_COLOR)  # Color image loaded by OpenCV is in BGR mode.
# Loads image in grayscale mode
img2 = cv.imread('Lenna.png', cv.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
# Loads image as such including alpha channel
img3 = cv.imread('Lenna.png', cv.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)

# cv.WINDOW_NORMAL means that you can resize window.
cv.namedWindow('img1', cv.WINDOW_NORMAL)
cv.imshow('img1', img1)
cv.namedWindow('img2', cv.WINDOW_NORMAL)
cv.imshow('img2', img2)
cv.namedWindow('img3', cv.WINDOW_NORMAL)
cv.imshow('img3', img3)

# cv.IMREAD_COLOR is the default flag,so you can omit this flag
img = cv.imread('Lenna.png')
# cv.WINDOW_AUTOSIZE means that the window automatically fits to the image size.
cv.namedWindow('img', cv.WINDOW_AUTOSIZE)
cv.imshow('img', img)
cv.imwrite('Lenna_copy.png', img)

cv.waitKey(0)  # It waits indefinitely for a key stroke
cv.destroyWindow('img')  # destroy specific window
cv.destroyAllWindows()  # destroys all the windows we created

        

2.waitKey()的用法

import cv2 as cv

img = cv.imread("Lenna.png")
cv.imshow("image", img)
k = cv.waitKey(0) & 0xFF    # "& 0xFF" is necessary for 64-bit machine
if k == 27:  # wait for ESC key to exit(ESC ASCII code:27)
    cv.destroyAllWindows()
elif k == ord('s'):  # wait for 's' key to save and exit
    cv.imwrite('Lenna_copy.png', img)
    cv.destroyAllWindows()

3.视频处理：读取摄像头视频流中的图像帧

import cv2 as cv

cap = cv.VideoCapture(0)    # 0 represents webcam
if not cap.isOpened():
    print("Cannot open camera")
    exit()
while True:
    # Capture frame-by-frame
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    # if frame is read correctly ret is True
    if not ret:
        print("Can't receive frame (stream end?). Exiting ...")
        break
    # Our operations on the frame come here
    gray = cv.cvtColor(frame, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    # Display the resulting frame
    cv.imshow('frame', gray)
    if cv.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
        break
# When everything done, release the capture
cap.release()
cv.destroyAllWindows()

4.视频处理：读取视频文件中的图像帧

import cv2 as cv

cap = cv.VideoCapture("lee.mp4")    # video file

# Define the codec and create VideoWriter object
fourcc = cv.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'DIVX')
out = cv.VideoWriter('test.avi', fourcc, 20, (544,  960))

if not cap.isOpened():
    print("Cannot open camera")
    exit()

while True:
    # Capture frame-by-frame
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    # print(cap.get(cv.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH), cap.get(cv.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT))
    # print(cap.set(cv.CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, 400), cap.set(cv.CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, 300))

    # if frame is read correctly, ret is True
    if not ret:
        print("Can't receive frame (stream end?). Exiting ...")
        break
    # frame = cv.flip(frame, 0)   # flip every frame in vertical direction
    # frame = cv.flip(frame, 1)   # flip every frame in horizontal direction
    out.write(frame)
    gray = cv.cvtColor(frame, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    cv.imshow("image", gray)
    if cv.waitKey(1) == ord('q'):
        break

# When everything done, release the capture
cap.release()
out.release()
cv.destroyAllWindows()

5.使用matplotlib绘图

import cv2
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

img1 = cv2.imread('Lenna.png')
b, g, r = cv2.split(img1)
img2 = cv2.merge([r, g, b])

cv2.imshow('bgr image', img1)  # expects true color
cv2.imshow('rgb image', img2)  # expects distorted color

# Matplotlib displays image in RGB mode!!!
plt.subplot(121)
plt.imshow(img1)  # expects distorted color
plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])  # to hide tick values on X and Y axis
plt.subplot(122)
plt.imshow(img2)  # expect true color
plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])  # to hide tick values on X and Y axis
plt.show()

cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

6.绘制图形和添加文字

import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np

# Create a black image
img = np.zeros((512, 512, 3), np.uint8)
# Draw a diagonal blue line with thickness of 5 px
cv.line(img, (0, 0), (511, 511), (255, 0, 0), 5)

cv.rectangle(img,
             (384, 0),  # coordinate of rectangle's upper left point
             (510, 128),  # coordinate of rectangle's lower right point
             (0, 255, 0),  # color of rectangle's edges
             3)  # thickness of rectangle's edges
cv.circle(img,
          (447, 63),  # coordinate of circle
          63,  # radius of circle
          (0, 0, 255),  # color of circumference
          -1)  # thickness of circumference
cv.ellipse(img,
           (256, 256),  # center
           (100, 50),  # axis
           0,  # angle
           0,  # startAngle
           180,  # endAngle
           255,  # color of circumference
           -1)  # thickness of circumference
# Drawing Polygon
pts = np.array([[10, 5], [20, 30], [70, 20], [50, 10]], np.int32)
pts = pts.reshape((-1, 1, 2))
cv.polylines(img, [pts], True, (0, 255, 255))
font = cv.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX
cv.putText(img, 'OpenCV',
           (10, 500),   # position of text
           font,
           4,   # fontScale
           (255, 255, 255),  # text color
           2,   # text thickness
           cv.LINE_AA)  # line style

cv.imshow("image", img)
cv.waitKey(0)
cv.destroyAllWindows()

7.鼠标点击事件

• 查看opencv中定义的鼠标点击事件

import cv2 as cv
events = [i for i in dir(cv) if 'EVENT' in i]
print( events )

['EVENT_FLAG_ALTKEY', 'EVENT_FLAG_CTRLKEY', 'EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON', 'EVENT_FLAG_MBUTTON', 'EVENT_FLAG_RBUTTON', 'EVENT_FLAG_SHIFTKEY', 'EVENT_LBUTTONDBLCLK', 'EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN', 'EVENT_LBUTTONUP', 'EVENT_MBUTTONDBLCLK', 'EVENT_MBUTTONDOWN', 'EVENT_MBUTTONUP', 'EVENT_MOUSEHWHEEL', 'EVENT_MOUSEMOVE', 'EVENT_MOUSEWHEEL', 'EVENT_RBUTTONDBLCLK', 'EVENT_RBUTTONDOWN', 'EVENT_RBUTTONUP']

import numpy as np
import cv2 as cv


# mouse callback function
def draw_circle(event, x, y, flags, param):
    if event == cv.EVENT_LBUTTONDBLCLK:
        cv.circle(img, (x, y), 100, (255, 0, 0), -1)


# Create a black image, a window and bind the function to window
img = np.zeros((512, 512, 3), np.uint8)
cv.namedWindow('image')
cv.setMouseCallback('image', draw_circle)
while True:
    cv.imshow('image', img)
    if cv.waitKey(20) & 0xFF == 27:
        break
cv.destroyAllWindows()

import numpy as np
import cv2 as cv

drawing = False  # true if mouse is pressed
mode = True  # if True, draw rectangle. Press 'm' to toggle to curve
ix, iy = -1, -1


# mouse callback function
def draw_circle(event, x, y, flags, param):
    global ix, iy, drawing, mode
    if event == cv.EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:
        drawing = True
        ix, iy = x, y
    elif event == cv.EVENT_MOUSEMOVE:
        if drawing == True:
            if mode == True:
                cv.rectangle(img, (ix, iy), (x, y), (0, 255, 0), -1)
            else:
                cv.circle(img, (x, y), 5, (0, 0, 255), -1)
    elif event == cv.EVENT_LBUTTONUP:
        drawing = False
        if mode == True:
            cv.rectangle(img, (ix, iy), (x, y), (0, 255, 0), -1)
        else:
            cv.circle(img, (x, y), 5, (0, 0, 255), -1)


img = np.zeros((512, 512, 3), np.uint8)
cv.namedWindow('image')
cv.setMouseCallback('image', draw_circle)
while True:
    cv.imshow('image', img)
    k = cv.waitKey(1) & 0xFF
    if k == ord('m'):
        mode = not mode
    elif k == 27:
        break
cv.destroyAllWindows()

8.计算程序运行时间

import cv2 as cv
e1 = cv.getTickCount()
# your code execution
e2 = cv.getTickCount()
time = (e2 - e1) / cv.getTickFrequency()