使用TensorFlow Object Detection API进行图像物体检测

参考 https://github.com/tensorflow/models/tree/master/object_detection

使用TensorFlow Object Detection API进行图像物体检测

准备

1. 安装TensorFlow

   参考 https://www.tensorflow.org/install/

   如在Ubuntu下安装TensorFlow with GPU support, python 2.7版本

   wget https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/linux/gpu/tensorflow_gpu-1.2.0-cp27-none-linux_x86_64.whl
   pip install tensorflow_gpu-1.2.0-cp27-none-linux_x86_64.whl

2. 配置TensorFlow Models

   • 下载TensorFlow Models

   git clone https://github.com/tensorflow/models.git

   • 编译protobuf

   
   # From tensorflow/models/
   
   protoc object_detection/protos/*.proto --python_out=.

   生成若干py文件在object_detection/protos/。

   • 添加PYTHONPATH

   
   # From tensorflow/models/
   
   export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:`pwd`:`pwd`/slim

   • 测试

   
   # From tensorflow/models/
   
   python object_detection/builders/model_builder_test.py

   若成功，显示OK。

3. 准备数据

   参考 https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/master/object_detection/g3doc/preparing_inputs.md

   这里以PASCAL VOC 2012为例。

   • 下载并解压

   
   # From tensorflow/models
   
   wget http://host.robots.ox.ac.uk/pascal/VOC/voc2012/VOCtrainval_11-May-2012.tar
   tar -xvf VOCtrainval_11-May-2012.tar

   • 生成TFRecord

   
   # From tensorflow/models
   
   mkdir VOC2012
   python object_detection/create_pascal_tf_record.py \
       --label_map_path=object_detection/data/pascal_label_map.pbtxt \
       --data_dir=VOCdevkit --year=VOC2012 --set=train \
       --output_path=VOC2012/pascal_train.record
   python object_detection/create_pascal_tf_record.py \
       --label_map_path=object_detection/data/pascal_label_map.pbtxt \
       --data_dir=VOCdevkit --year=VOC2012 --set=val \
       --output_path=VOC2012/pascal_val.record

   得到pascal_train.record和pascal_val.record。

   如果需要用自己的数据，则参考create_pascal_tf_record.py编写处理数据生成TFRecord的脚本。可参考 https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/master/object_detection/g3doc/using_your_own_dataset.md

4. （可选）下载模型

   官方提供了不少预训练模型（ https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/master/object_detection/g3doc/detection_model_zoo.md ），这里以ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco以例。

   
   # From tensorflow/models
   
   wget http://download.tensorflow.org/models/object_detection/ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco_11_06_2017.tar.gz
   tar zxf ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco_11_06_2017.tar.gz

训练

如果使用现有模型进行预测则不需要训练。

1. 文件结构

   为了方便查看文件，使用以下文件结构。

   models
   ├── object_detection
   │   ├── VOC2012
   │   │   ├── ssd_mobilenet_train_logs
   │   │   ├── ssd_mobilenet_val_logs
   │   │   ├── ssd_mobilenet_v1_voc2012.config
   │   │   ├── pascal_label_map.pbtxt
   │   │   ├── pascal_train.record
   │   │   └── pascal_val.record
   │   ├── infer.py
   │   └── create_pascal_tf_record.py
   ├── eval_voc2012.sh
   └── train_voc2012.sh

2. 配置

   参考 https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/master/object_detection/g3doc/configuring_jobs.md

   这里使用SSD w/MobileNet，把object_detection/samples/configs/ssd_mobilenet_v1_pets.config复制到object_detection/VOC2012/ssd_mobilenet_v1_voc2012.config

   修改第9行为num_classes: 20。

   修改第158行为fine_tune_checkpoint: "object_detection/ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco_11_06_2017/model.ckpt"

   修改第177行为input_path: "object_detection/VOC2012/pascal_train.record"

   修改第179行和193行为label_map_path: "object_detection/data/pascal_label_map.pbtxt"

   修改第191行为input_path: "object_detection/VOC2012/pascal_val.record"

3. 训练

   新建tensorflow/models/train_voc2012.sh，内容以下：

   python object_detection/train.py \
       --logtostderr \
       --pipeline_config_path=object_detection/VOC2012/ssd_mobilenet_v1_voc2012.config \
       --train_dir=object_detection/VOC2012/ssd_mobilenet_train_logs \
       2>&1 | tee object_detection/VOC2012/ssd_mobilenet_train_logs.txt &

   进入tensorflow/models/，运行./train_voc2012.sh即可训练。

4. 验证

   可一边训练一边验证，注意使用其它的GPU或合理分配显存。

   新建tensorflow/models/eval_voc2012.sh，内容以下：

   python object_detection/eval.py \
       --logtostderr \
       --pipeline_config_path=object_detection/VOC2012/ssd_mobilenet_v1_voc2012.config \
       --checkpoint_dir=object_detection/VOC2012/ssd_mobilenet_train_logs \
       --eval_dir=object_detection/VOC2012/ssd_mobilenet_val_logs &

   进入tensorflow/models/，运行CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES="1" ./train_voc2012.sh即可验证（这里指定了第二个GPU）。

5. 可视化log

   可一边训练一边可视化训练的log，可看到Loss趋势。

   tensorboard --logdir ssd_mobilenet_train_logs/

   可视化验证的log，可看到Precision/mAP@0.5IOU的趋势以及具体image的预测结果。

   tensorboard --logdir ssd_mobilenet_val_logs/ --port 6007

测试

1. 导出模型

   训练完成后得到一些checkpoint文件在ssd_mobilenet_train_logs中，如：

   • graph.pbtxt
   • model.ckpt-200000.data-00000-of-00001
   • model.ckpt-200000.info
   • model.ckpt-200000.meta

   其中meta保存了graph和metadata，ckpt保存了网络的weights。

   而进行预测时只需模型和权重，不需要metadata，故可使用官方提供的脚本生成推导图。

   python object_detection/export_inference_graph.py \
       --input_type image_tensor \
       --pipeline_config_path object_detection/VOC2012/ssd_mobilenet_v1_voc2012.config \
       --trained_checkpoint_prefix object_detection/VOC2012/ssd_mobilenet_train_logs/model.ckpt-200000 \
       --output_directory object_detection/VOC2012

2. 测试图片

   • 运行object_detection_tutorial.ipynb并修改其中的各种路径即可。

   • 或自写编译inference脚本，如tensorflow/models/object_detection/infer.py

     import sys
     sys.path.append('..')
     import os
     import time
     import tensorflow as tf
     import numpy as np
     from PIL import Image
     from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
     
     from utils import label_map_util
     from utils import visualization_utils as vis_util
     
     PATH_TEST_IMAGE = sys.argv[1]
     PATH_TO_CKPT = 'VOC2012/frozen_inference_graph.pb'
     PATH_TO_LABELS = 'VOC2012/pascal_label_map.pbtxt'
     NUM_CLASSES = 21
     IMAGE_SIZE = (18, 12)
     
     label_map = label_map_util.load_labelmap(PATH_TO_LABELS)
     categories = label_map_util.convert_label_map_to_categories(
         label_map, max_num_classes=NUM_CLASSES, use_display_name=True)
     category_index = label_map_util.create_category_index(categories)
     
     detection_graph = tf.Graph()
     with detection_graph.as_default():
         od_graph_def = tf.GraphDef()
         with tf.gfile.GFile(PATH_TO_CKPT, 'rb') as fid:
             serialized_graph = fid.read()
             od_graph_def.ParseFromString(serialized_graph)
             tf.import_graph_def(od_graph_def, name='')
     
     config = tf.ConfigProto()
     config.gpu_options.allow_growth = True
     
     with detection_graph.as_default():
         with tf.Session(graph=detection_graph, config=config) as sess:
             start_time = time.time()
             print(time.ctime())
             image = Image.open(PATH_TEST_IMAGE)
             image_np = np.array(image).astype(np.uint8)
             image_np_expanded = np.expand_dims(image_np, axis=0)
             image_tensor = detection_graph.get_tensor_by_name('image_tensor:0')
             boxes = detection_graph.get_tensor_by_name('detection_boxes:0')
             scores = detection_graph.get_tensor_by_name('detection_scores:0')
             classes = detection_graph.get_tensor_by_name('detection_classes:0')
             num_detections = detection_graph.get_tensor_by_name('num_detections:0')
             (boxes, scores, classes, num_detections) = sess.run(
                 [boxes, scores, classes, num_detections],
                 feed_dict={image_tensor: image_np_expanded})
             print('{} elapsed time: {:.3f}s'.format(time.ctime(), time.time() - start_time))
             vis_util.visualize_boxes_and_labels_on_image_array(
                 image_np, np.squeeze(boxes), np.squeeze(classes).astype(np.int32), np.squeeze(scores),
                 category_index, use_normalized_coordinates=True, line_thickness=8)
             plt.figure(figsize=IMAGE_SIZE)
             plt.imshow(image_np)

     运行infer.py test_images/image1.jpg即可