目录
题目
建立一个矩阵类,可以完成指定的操作或运算。
说明:
- 矩阵为2行3列,基类型为整型;
- 操作或运算:初始化(>>)、输出(<<)、赋值(=)、两个同类型矩阵的相加(+)、矩阵前置自增(++,即所有元素都加1)、矩阵后置自增(++,即所有元素都加1)、一个整数乘矩阵(*,即该整数乘以每个元素)、矩阵乘一个整数(*,即每个元素乘以该整数)。
要求:针对矩阵的各种操作,请先确认使用何种类型函数实现(仅限于成员函数、友元函数,暂不使用转换构造函数和类型转换函数)。
提示:运算符重载一般遵循如下原则:(1)=、[]、()、->必须作为成员函数;(2)<<、>>、类型转换运算符必须作为友元函数;(3)一般将单目运算符和复合运算符重载为成员函数;(4)一般将双目运算符重载为友元函数。
可以利用如下测试函数进行验证:
int main()
{
Matrix a(1,2,3,4,5,6),b(6,5,4,3,2,1),c,d,e;
int a1=2,a2=3;//用于测试数乘运算时用到的整数
//(1)测试:>>,输入a和b
//a的值如下:
// 1 1 1
// 2 2 2
//b的值如下:
// 3 2 1
// 6 5 4
cout<<"请输入a和b"<<endl;
cin>>a>>b;
cout<<"--------------------------"<<endl;
//(2)测试:<<,输出a和b
//输出结果格式:
//a的值如下:(b与a类似)
// 1 1 1
// 2 2 2
cout<<"a的值如下:"<<endl;
cout<<a<<endl;
cout<<"b的值如下:"<<endl;
cout<<b<<endl;
cout<<"--------------------------"<<endl;
//(3)测试:+,并输出a+b的结果
cout<<"a+b的结果如下:"<<endl;
cout<<a+b<<endl;
cout<<"--------------------------"<<endl;
//(4)测试:=,将a赋给c,并输出c
cout<<"执行c=a之后,c的值如下:"<<endl;
c=a;
cout<<c;
cout<<"--------------------------"<<endl;
//(4)测试:整数左乘矩阵,计算a1*c并输出
cout<<"测试整数左乘矩阵"<<endl;
cout<<"整数为:"<<a1<<endl;
cout<<"矩阵为:"<<endl<<c;
cout<<"整数左乘矩阵结果如下:"<<endl;
cout<<a1*c;
cout<<"--------------------------"<<endl;
//(5)测试:整数右乘矩阵,计算c*a2并输出
cout<<"测试整数右乘矩阵"<<endl;
cout<<"整数为:"<<a2<<endl;
cout<<"矩阵为:"<<endl<<c;
cout<<"整数右乘矩阵结果如下:"<<endl;
cout<<c*a2;
cout<<"--------------------------"<<endl;
//(6)测试:前置自增++,计算d=++c并输出
cout<<"测试前置自增++"<<endl;
cout<<"c的初始值如下:"<<endl;
cout<<c;
cout<<"d=++c执行之后结果如下:"<<endl;
d=++c;
cout<<"c的结果如下:"<<endl;
cout<<c;
cout<<"d的结果如下:"<<endl;
cout<<d;
cout<<"--------------------------"<<endl;
//(7)测试:后置自增++,计算e=c++并输出
cout<<"测试后置自增++"<<endl;
cout<<"c的初始值如下:"<<endl;
c=a;
cout<<c;
cout<<"e=c++执行之后结果如下:"<<endl;
e=c++;
cout<<"c的结果如下:"<<endl;
cout<<c;
cout<<"e的结果如下:"<<endl;
cout<<e;
cout<<"--------------------------"<<endl;
return 0;
}
源码
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Matrix
{
private:
int matrix[2][3];
public:
Matrix(int a = 0, int b = 0, int c = 0, int d = 0, int e = 0, int f = 0)
{
matrix[0][0] = a;
matrix[0][1] = b;
matrix[0][2] = c;
matrix[1][0] = d;
matrix[1][1] = e;
matrix[1][2] = f;
}
friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, Matrix& m);
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Matrix& m);
Matrix operator+(const Matrix& other);
Matrix operator*(int num);
friend Matrix operator*(int num, const Matrix& m);
Matrix& operator=(const Matrix& other);
Matrix& operator++();
Matrix operator++(int);
};
istream& operator>>(istream& in, Matrix& m)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
in >> m.matrix[i][j];
}
}
return in;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Matrix& m)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
out << m.matrix[i][j] << " ";
}
out << endl;
}
return out;
}
Matrix Matrix::operator+(const Matrix& other)
{
Matrix result;
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
result.matrix[i][j] = matrix[i][j] + other.matrix[i][j];
}
}
return result;
}
Matrix Matrix::operator*(int num)
{
Matrix result;
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
result.matrix[i][j] = matrix[i][j] * num;
}
}
return result;
}
Matrix operator*(int num, const Matrix& m)
{
Matrix result;
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
result.matrix[i][j] = m.matrix[i][j] * num;
}
}
return result;
}
Matrix& Matrix::operator=(const Matrix& other)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
matrix[i][j] = other.matrix[i][j];
}
}
return *this;
}
Matrix& Matrix::operator++()
{
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
matrix[i][j]++;
}
}
return *this;
}
Matrix Matrix::operator++(int)
{
Matrix temp = *this;
++(*this);
return temp;
}
int main()
{
Matrix a(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), b(6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1), c, d, e;
int a1 = 2, a2 = 3;//用于测试数乘运算时用到的整数
//(1)测试:>>,输入a和b
//a的值如下:
// 1 1 1
// 2 2 2
//b的值如下:
// 3 2 1
// 6 5 4
cout << "请输入a和b" << endl;
cin >> a >> b;
cout << "--------------------------" << endl;
//(2)测试:<<,输出a和b
//输出结果格式:
//a的值如下:(b与a类似)
// 1 1 1
// 2 2 2
cout << "a的值如下:" << endl;
cout << a << endl;
cout << "b的值如下:" << endl;
cout << b << endl;
cout << "--------------------------" << endl;
//(3)测试:+,并输出a+b的结果
cout << "a+b的结果如下:" << endl;
cout << a + b << endl;
cout << "--------------------------" << endl;
//(4)测试:=,将a赋给c,并输出c
cout << "执行c=a之后,c的值如下:" << endl;
c = a;
cout << c;
cout << "--------------------------" << endl;
//(4)测试:整数左乘矩阵,计算a1*c并输出
cout << "测试整数左乘矩阵" << endl;
cout << "整数为:" << a1 << endl;
cout << "矩阵为:" << endl << c;
cout << "整数左乘矩阵结果如下:" << endl;
cout << a1 * c;
cout << "--------------------------" << endl;
//(5)测试:整数右乘矩阵,计算c*a2并输出
cout << "测试整数右乘矩阵" << endl;
cout << "整数为:" << a2 << endl;
cout << "矩阵为:" << endl << c;
cout << "整数右乘矩阵结果如下:" << endl;
cout << c * a2;
cout << "--------------------------" << endl;
//(6)测试:前置自增++,计算d=++c并输出
cout << "测试前置自增++" << endl;
cout << "c的初始值如下:" << endl;
cout << c;
cout << "d=++c执行之后结果如下:" << endl;
d = ++c;
cout << "c的结果如下:" << endl;
cout << c;
cout << "d的结果如下:" << endl;
cout << d;
cout << "--------------------------" << endl;
//(7)测试:后置自增++,计算e=c++并输出
cout << "测试后置自增++" << endl;
cout << "c的初始值如下:" << endl;
c = a;
cout << c;
cout << "e=c++执行之后结果如下:" << endl;
e = c++;
cout << "c的结果如下:" << endl;
cout << c;
cout << "e的结果如下:" << endl;
cout << e;
cout << "--------------------------" << endl;
return 0;
}