Linux程序设计：管道

进程间通信：管道

• 什么是管道：  当从一个进程链接数据流到另一个ie进程时，我们使用术语管道。
  • shell负责标准输入和标准输出
• 进程管道
  • 传递数据的方法使用popen和pclose函数
  • 代码示例

  • #include<stdio.h>
    
    FILE *popen(const char *command,const char *open_mode);
    int pclose(FILE *stream_to_close); 
    

• 将输出送往popen
  • 传递跟更多的数据
  • 如何实现popen

  • 
    #include<unistd.h>
    #include<stdlib.h>
    #include<string.h>
    #include<stdio.h>
    
    int main(){
       FILE *read_fp ;
       char buffer[BUFSIZ +1] ;
       int chars_read ;
       memset(buffer,'\0',sizeof(buffer));
       read_fp = popen("uname -a ","r");
    
       if(read_fp !=NULL){
         chars_read = fread(buffer,sizeof(char),BUFSIZ,read_fp);
         if(chars_read > 0){
           printf("output  was : \n %s \n",buffer);
         }
         pclose(read_fp);
         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
       }
    
       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    
    }
    

    
    #include<unistd.h>
    #include<stdlib.h>
    #include<string.h>
    #include<stdio.h>
    
    int main(){
       FILE *write_fp ;
       char buffer[BUFSIZ +1] ;
       sprintf(buffer,"once upon a time ,there was ...");
       write_fp = popen("od -a ","w");
    
       if(write_fp !=NULL){
         fwrite(buffer,sizeof(char),strlen(buffer),write_fp);
         pclose(write_fp);
         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
       }
    
       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    
    }
    

    #include<unistd.h>
    #include<stdlib.h>
    #include<string.h>
    #include<stdio.h>
    
    int main(){
       FILE *read_fp ;
       char buffer[BUFSIZ +1] ;
       int chars_read ;
       memset(buffer,'\0',sizeof(buffer));
       read_fp = popen("ps ax","r");
    
       if(read_fp !=NULL){
         chars_read = fread(buffer,sizeof(char),BUFSIZ,read_fp);
         while(chars_read > 0){
           buffer[chars_read -1] = '\0' ;
           printf("output  was : \n %s \n",buffer);
           chars_read = fread(buffer,sizeof(char),BUFSIZ,read_fp);
         }
         pclose(read_fp);
         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
       }
    
       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    
    }
    

• pipe调用
  • pipe函数原型
• 命名管道：FIFO
  • 在不相关直接交换数据，需要命名管道
  • 创建管道命名

  • #include<unistd.h>
    #include<stdlib.h>
    #include<stdio.h>
    #include<sys/types.h>
    #include<sys/stat.h>
    
    int main(){
    
        int res = mkfifo("/tmp/my_fifo",0777);
        if(res ==0){
            printf("FIFO created \n");
        }
        
       exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
    }

• • ls  -lF  /tmp/my_fifo     第一个字符是P开头就表示是管道

#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<string.h>

#define FIFO_NAME  "/tmp/my_fifo"

int main(int argc,char *argv[]){

    int res  ;
    int open_mode =0 ;
    int i; 

    if(argc<2){
       fprintf(stderr,"Usage: %s < some combination  of O_RDONLY O_WRONLY  O_NONBLOCK > \n",*argv);
       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
     
    for ( i = 1; i < argc; i++)
    {
        if(strncmp(*++argv,"O_RDONLY",8)== 0){
            open_mode |= O_RDONLY ; 
        }

          if(strncmp(*argv,"O_WRONLY",8) == 0){
            open_mode |= O_WRONLY ; 
        }

          if(strncmp(*argv,"O_NONBLOCK",10) == 0){
            open_mode |= O_NONBLOCK ; 
        }
    }
   
    if(access(FIFO_NAME,F_OK) == -1){ 
       if(res !=0){
          printf("cound not create fifo . %s \n",FIFO_NAME);
          exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
       } 
    }

    printf("Process %d  opening FIFO \n",getpid());
    res = open(FIFO_NAME,open_mode);
    printf("Process %d result %d \n",getpid(),res);
    sleep(5);
    if(res ==-1){
         (void)close(res);
    }
    printf("Process %d finished \n",getpid());
    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

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