Maximum modulus principle and Schwarz lemma
Average Vaule Properties
Shows that f(z0) is equal to the integration average on the circle ∂D(z0,r) .
Maximum modulus principle
Suppose that f(z) is analytic on U⊂C , and there is a z0∈U such that |f(z0)|≥|f(z)|,∀z∈U , then f(z) must be a constant function on U .
Multiple by a constant with modulus 1, such that
Then S≠∅ . Since f is a continuous function on
If
w∈S
, choose
r
, such that
So
for any t and
From the maximum modulus principle, we have that if f is analytic on
Schwarz Lemma
Suppose that
f
is an analytic function which maps
Moreover |f(z)|=|z|,z≠0 or |f′(0)|=1 holds if and only if f(z)=eiτz.τ∈R .
Let
Then G(z) is analytic on D . Consider
Let ϵ→0 , we have |G(z)|≤1 on D . Therefore, when
Aut(D)
Let
a∈D
,
And ϕ−1a=ϕa . Then mapping above is called the Mobius mapping.
Let
τ∈R
, and define the rotation mapping
Theorem
If
f∈Aut(D)
, then there is
a∈D,τ∈R
, such that
Which means that the element of Aut(D) is the component of Mobius tranforamtion and rotation transformation.
Let
b=f(0)
then let
G is also in
Then |G′(0)|=1 . Then
Which shows that
Schwarz-Pick lemma
Suppose that
f
is an analytic function which maps
and
Construct
Then ϕ,ψ∈Aut(D) .
And consider ψ∘f∘ϕ , use Schwarz lemma, then the remaining are easy (let z=ϕ−1(z2) ).
In the above theorem, we actually define a measure called Poincare measure. Then if that
f
is an analytic function which maps