Android中自定义属性(attrs.xml,TypedArray的使用)
做Android布局是件很享受的事,这得益于他良好的xml方式。使用xml可以快速有效的为软件定义界面。可是有时候我们总感觉官方定义的一些基本组件不够用,自定义组件就不可避免了。那么如何才能做到像官方提供的那些组件一样用xml来定义他的属性呢?现在我们就来讨论一下他的用法。
1、添加文件attrs.xml,位于res\values目录下:
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 2 <resources> 3 <declare-styleable name="myView"> 4 <attr name="textColor" format="color"/> 5 <attr name="textSize" format="dimension"/> 6 </declare-styleable> 7 </resources>
2、创建自定义控件:
1 package com.szy.custom; 2 3 import com.szy.custom.R; 4 5 import android.content.Context; 6 import android.content.res.TypedArray; 7 import android.graphics.Canvas; 8 import android.graphics.Color; 9 import android.graphics.Paint; 10 import android.graphics.Rect; 11 import android.graphics.Paint.Style; 12 import android.util.AttributeSet; 13 import android.view.View; 14 15 public class MyView extends View { 16 private Paint myPaint; 17 private static final String myString = "Hello CustomView!"; 18 19 public MyView(Context context) { 20 super(context); 21 // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub 22 } 23 24 public MyView(Context context, AttributeSet attr) { 25 super(context, attr); 26 myPaint = new Paint(); 27 TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attr, R.styleable.myView);//TypedArray是一个数组容器 28 float textSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.myView_textSize, 30);//防止在XML文件里没有定义,就加上了默认值30 29 int textColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.myView_textColor, 0xFFFFFFFF);//同上,这里的属性是:名字_属性名 30 myPaint.setTextSize(textSize); 31 myPaint.setColor(textColor); 32 a.recycle();//我的理解是:返回以前取回的属性,供以后使用。以前取回的可能就是textSize和textColor初始化的那段 33 } 34 @Override 35 protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { 36 // TODO Auto-generated method stub 37 super.onDraw(canvas); 38 //myPaint = new Paint(); 39 myPaint.setColor(Color.RED); 40 myPaint.setStyle(Style.FILL); 41 42 canvas.drawRect(new Rect(10,10,100,100), myPaint); 43 myPaint.setColor(Color.WHITE); 44 canvas.drawText(myString, 10, 100, myPaint); 45 } 46 }
3、在Activity布局文件中使用自定义控件:
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 2 <LinearLayout xmlns:android="<a href="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android</a>" 3 xmlns:test="<a href="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.szy.custom">http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.szy.custom</a>" 4 android:orientation="vertical" 5 android:layout_width="fill_parent" 6 android:layout_height="fill_parent" 7 > 8 <TextView 9 android:layout_width="fill_parent" 10 android:layout_height="wrap_content" 11 android:text="@string/hello" 12 /> 13 <com.adnroid.test.MyView 14 android:layout_width="fill_parent" 15 android:layout_height="fill_parent" 16 test:textSize="10px" 17 test:textColor="#fff" 18 /> 19 </LinearLayout>
附:Android中自定义属性的格式详解
1. reference:参考某一资源ID。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "background" format = "reference" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<ImageView
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:background = "@drawable/图片ID"
/>
2. color:颜色值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<TextView
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:textColor = "#00FF00"
/>
3. boolean:布尔值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<Button
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:focusable = "true"
/>
4. dimension:尺寸值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<Button
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
/>
5. float:浮点值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">
<attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
<attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<alpha
android:fromAlpha = "1.0"
android:toAlpha = "0.7"
/>
6. integer:整型值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">
<attr name = "visible" />
<attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
<attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
<attr name = "pivotX" />
<attr name = "pivotY" />
<attr name = "drawable" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<animated-rotate
xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID"
android:pivotX = "50%"
android:pivotY = "50%"
android:framesCount = "12"
android:frameDuration = "100"
/>
7. string:字符串。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "MapView">
<attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<com.google.android.maps.MapView
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"
/>
8. fraction:百分数。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">
<attr name = "visible" />
<attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />
<attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />
<attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
<attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
<attr name = "drawable" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<rotate xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID"
android:fromDegrees = "0"
android:toDegrees = "360"
android:pivotX = "200%"
android:pivotY = "300%"
android:duration = "5000"
android:repeatMode = "restart"
android:repeatCount = "infinite"
/>
9. enum:枚举值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name="名称">
<attr name="orientation">
<enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
<enum name="vertical" value="1" />
</attr>
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation = "vertical"
android:layout_width = "fill_parent"
android:layout_height = "fill_parent"
>
</LinearLayout>
10. flag:位或运算。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name="名称">
<attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
<flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
<flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
<flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
<flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
<flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />
<flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />
<flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />
<flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />
<flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />
<flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />
</attr>
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<activity
android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"
android:label = "@string/app_name"
android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
注意:
属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。
(1)属性定义:
<declare-styleable name = "名称">
<attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />
</declare-styleable>
(2)属性使用:
<ImageView
android:layout_width = "42dip"
android:layout_height = "42dip"
android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"
/>
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