Input: standard input
Output: standard output
Time Limit: 3 seconds
Let’s define another number sequence, given by the following function:
f(0) = a
f(1) = b
f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2), n > 1
When a = 0 and b = 1, this sequence gives the Fibonacci Sequence. Changing the values of a and b , you can get many different sequences. Given the values of a, b, you have to find the last m digits of f(n) .
Input
The first line gives the number of test cases, which is less than 10001. Each test case consists of a single line containing the integers a b n m. The values of a and b range in [0,100], value of n ranges in [0, 1000000000] and value of m ranges in [1, 4].
Output
For each test case, print the last m digits of f(n). However, you should NOT print any leading zero.
Sample Input Output for Sample Input
4
0 1 11 3
0 1 42 4
0 1 22 4
0 1 21 4
89
4296
7711
946
Problem setter: Sadrul Habib Chowdhury
Special Thanks: Derek Kisman, Member of Elite Problem Setters’ Panel
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
const int N = 2;
int MOD;
struct Matrix{
int ary[N][N];
void init() {
memset(ary, 0, sizeof(ary));
}
Matrix() {
init();
}
};
const Matrix operator*(const Matrix & A, const Matrix & B) {
Matrix t;
for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
for (int j = 0; j < N; ++j) {
for (int k = 0; k < N; ++k)
t.ary[i][j] += A.ary[i][k] * B.ary[k][j];
t.ary[i][j] %= MOD;
}
return t;
}
int quick_pow(int a, int b, int n) {
if (n == 0) return a % MOD;
if (n == 1) return b % MOD;
Matrix ans, tmp;
tmp.ary[0][0] = 1;
ans.ary[0][0] = (a + b) % MOD;
for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
tmp.ary[i][1 - i] = 1;
ans.ary[i][1 - i] = b % MOD;
}
n -= 2;
while (n) {
if (n & 1)
ans = ans * tmp;
n >>= 1;
tmp = tmp * tmp;
}
return ans.ary[0][0];
}
int main() {
int T;
scanf("%d", &T);
while (T--) {
int a, b, n, m;
scanf("%d%d%d%d", &a, &b, &n, &m);
MOD = 1;
while (m--) MOD *= 10;
printf("%d\n", quick_pow(a, b, n));
}
return 0;
}